In order to investigate whether previous findings of ubiquitous skin papillomavirus infection in Caucasians apply to populations from other parts of the world, skin swab samples from Bangladesh, Japan, Ethiopia and Zambia were analysed in parallel with Swedish samples. The prevalence of HPV DNA in the material from Bangladesh was 68 %, Japan 54 %, Ethiopia 52 %, Zambia 42 % and Sweden 70 %. A great multiplicity of genotypes was demonstrated by the finding of 88 HPV types or putative types in 142 HPV DNA-positive samples in total. Double or multiple genotypes were frequently found in the same sample. The most prevalent HPV type was HPV-5, with an overall prevalence of 6?5 %. This was also the only type that was found in samples from all of the countries in the study. The results presented show that commensal skin HPV infections have a worldwide distribution with a very broad spectrum of genotypes.

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The aim of the current study was to find out the effect of adding different levels of lemon extract to the chicken meatballs. Fresh lemon extract was incorporated into freshly prepared meatball and compared with 0.01 % beta hydroxyl toluene (BHT) and control (without antioxidant). For this purpose, chicken meatball samples were divided into four treatment groups; viz. T0 (Control), T1 (0.01% BHT), T2 (0.5 % lemon extract) and T3 (1 % lemon extract). The study was conducted in completely randomized factorial design. The samples were analyzed for determination of sensory, proximate components, physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological qualities at 0, 30th and 90th days of preservation. Color, flavor, Juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability increased significantly (p<0.05) among different treatment groups than control and BHT group but decreased at different days of intervals. Dry matter (DM) content decreased significantly (p<0.05) with different treatment levels than control and BHT group and increased with days of intervals. Crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and Ash of all treatments were decreased significantly (p<0.05) among different treatment groups. Raw pH, cooked pH and cooking loss were decreased significantly (p<0.05) with different treatment levels than control and BHT group and decreased with days of intervals. Free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value were decreased significantly (p<0.05) with different treatment levels than that of control and BHT group and increased with days of intervals. Total viable count (TVC), total coli form count (TCC) and total yeast mould count (TYMC) decreased significantly (p<0.05) at different treatment levels than that of control and BHT group. Therefore, it can be concluded that 1 % lemon extract for formulation of value-added chicken meatballs was enriched source as natural antioxidant. SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 139-156 (2020)

A field experiment was conducted using twenty three rice genotypes including three check varieties during the period from June to December, 2013, at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance (GA) for yield and yield associated traits in rice. The experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant height, number of filled grains per panicle, days to 50% flowering, thousand grain weight, grain width and grain yield showed relatively high genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) estimates. The PCV were higher than GCV for all eight traits indicating that they all interacted with the environment to some extent. High heritability was obtained for grain width (88.54%), followed by days to 50% flowering (87.61%), thousand grain weight (81.96%), grain length (81.94%), days to maturity (81.81%) and number of filled grains per panicle (78.19%) which indicates high heritable portion of variation. High to medium estimates of heritability and genetic advance were obtained for number of filled grains per panicle (18.97), days to 50% flowering (11.89), days to maturity (12.16) indicating the roles of additive gene action and a good scope of selection using their phenotypic performance. Considering, all of these characters, filled gains per panicle and days to 50% flowering and maturity were important yield related traits and could be used for selection in rice breeding programs.Progressive Agriculture 26:26-31, 2015

The present study was carried out to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) for growth traits. Means of birth weight (BW), three month weight (3MW), six month weight (6MW), weaning weight (WW), nine month weight (9MW) and yearling weight (YW) were 15.74, 31.48, 45.33, 57.00, 60.91 and 76.18 kg respectively. Sex significantly (p<0.001) differed BW of calves but did not differ (p>0.05) 3MW, 6MW, WW, 9MW and YW. BW, 6MW, WW, 9MW and YW did not vary significantly (p>0.05) on year of birth but varied significantly (p<0.01) on 3MW. Season of birth had significant difference on 3MW (p<0.001), 6MW (p<0.01) and WW (p<0.01) but had no significant difference (p>0.05) on BW, 9MW and YW. The growth rates at zero to six month (6MGR) and six to twelve month (12MGR) were 0.17 and 0.17 kg /d respectively. Growth rate in both stages had no significant effect (p>0.05) on sex and year of birth. 6MGR had no significant effect (p>0.05) on season of birth but had significant (p<0.05) effect on 12MGR. From single trait analyses heritability (h 2 ) of BW, 3MW, 6MW, WW, 9MW, YW, 6MGR and 12MGR were 0.497, 0.468, 0.475, 0.467, 0.447, 0.478, 0.499 and 0.65, respectively, whereas from multi-trait analysis heritability (h 2 ) of first four traits were 0.498, 0.456, 0.500 and 0.490, respectively. Genetic correlations of BW with 3MW, 6MW and WW were 0.23, 0.38, and 0.53, respectively, 3MW with 6MW and WW were 0.78 and 0.69, respectively and 6MW with WW was 0.76. Estimated heritability values were rather high in magnitude and indicate that these traits would likely respond to selection. Estimates of phenotypic correlations among the traits studied were very low to moderate with values ranging from -0.40 to 0.81, whereas magnitude of genetic correlation ranged from 0.23 to 0.78. It was concluded that these estimated parameters would help to understand the biology of the traits and in designing breeding programme for other indigenous cattle in general.