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Electric vehicles are receiving widespread attention around the world due to their improved performance and zero carbon emissions. The effectiveness of electric vehicles depends on proper interfacing between energy storage systems and power electronics converters. However, the power delivered by energy storage systems illustrates unstable, unregulated and substantial voltage drops. To overcome these limitations, electric vehicle converters, controllers and modulation schemes are necessary to achieve a secured and reliable power transfer from energy storage systems to the electric motor. Nonetheless, electric vehicle converters and controllers have shortcomings including a large number of components, high current stress, high switching loss, slow dynamic response and computational complexity. Therefore, this review presents a detailed investigation of different electric vehicle converters highlighting topology, features, components, operation, strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, this review explores the various types of electric vehicle converter controllers and modulation techniques concerning functional capabilities, operation, benefits and drawbacks. Besides, the significance of optimization algorithms in electric vehicle converters is illustrated along with their objective functions, executions and various factors. Furthermore, this review explores the key issues and challenges of electric vehicle converters, controllers and optimizations to identify future research gaps. Finally, important and specific suggestions are delivered toward the development of an efficient converter for future sustainable electric vehicle applications.

Solar photovoltaic (PV) is one of the prominent sustainable energy sources which shares a greater percentage of the energy generated from renewable resources. As the need for solar energy has risen tremendously in the last few decades, monitoring technologies have received considerable attention in relation to performance enhancement. Recently, the solar PV monitoring system has been integrated with a wireless platform that comprises data acquisition from various sensors and nodes through wireless data transmission. However, several issues could affect the performance of solar PV monitoring, such as large data management, signal interference, long-range data transmission, and security. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the progress of several solar PV-based monitoring technologies focusing on various data processing modules and data transmission protocols. Each module and transmission protocol-based monitoring technology is investigated with regard to type, design, implementations, specifications, and limitations. The critical discussion and analysis are carried out with respect to configurations, parameters monitored, software, platform, achievements, and suggestions. Moreover, various key issues and challenges are explored to identify the existing research gaps. Finally, this review delivers selective proposals for future research works. All the highlighted insights of this review will hopefully lead to increased efforts toward the enhancement of the monitoring technologies in future sustainable solar PV applications.

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Globally, the research on electric vehicles (EVs) has become increasingly popular due to their capacity to reduce carbon emissions and global warming impacts. The effectiveness of EVs depends on appropriate functionality and management of battery energy storage. Nevertheless, the battery energy storage in EVs provides an unregulated, unstable power supply and has significant voltage drops. To address these concerns, power electronics converter technology in EVs is necessary to achieve a stable and reliable power transmission. Although various EV converters provide significant contributions, they have limitations with regard to high components, high switching loss, high current stress, computational complexity, and slow dynamic response. Thus, this paper presents the emerging trends in analytical assessment of power electronics converter technology incorporated energy storage management in EVs. Hundreds (100) of the most significant and highly prominent articles on power converters for EVs are studied and investigated, employing the Scopus database under predetermined factors to explore the emerging trends. The results reveal that 57% of articles emphasize modeling, experimental work, and performance evaluation. In comparison, 13% of papers are based on problem formulation and simulation analysis, and 8% of articles are survey, case studies, and review-based. Besides, four countries, including China, India, the United States, and Canada, are dominant to publish the maximum articles, indicating 33, 17, 14, and 13, respectively. This review adopts the analytical assessment that outlines various power converters, energy storage, controller, optimization, energy efficiency, energy management, and energy transfer, emphasizing various schemes, key contributions, and research gaps. Besides, this paper discusses the drawbacks and issues of the various power converters and highlights future research opportunities to address the existing limitations. This analytical assessment could be useful to EV engineers and automobile companies towards the development of advanced energy storage management interfacing power electronics for sustainable EV applications.