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Abstract:In the present study, the flow structure of discontinuous double-layered vegetation patches was investigated using a 3D Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM). The channel domain was built using GAMBIT (Geometry and Mesh Building Intelligent Toolkit). For the simulation and postprocessing, FLUENT (ANSYS) was used to analyze the distribution of the mean velocity, Reynolds stresses, and other flow properties against two different flow conditions. The results captured by the turbulence model at specific locations and the cross section are presented in the form of various velocity profiles and contour plots. In the gap portion, the velocity was visibly lower than that in the vegetation areas, while the influence of patch distribution was not visible in the overlying flow layer. The velocity profiles at critical locations were categorized by numerous modulation points and velocity projections close to the bed, principally for positions straight after the vegetation structures. A distinction in the velocity at the topmost of the smaller vegetation structure was prominent. Reynolds stresses, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulence intensity exhibited large fluctuations inside the vegetation regions and just behind the vegetation structures compared with in the gap regions.

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Aim: To examine the relationship between workplace stress, job satisfaction, intention-to-leave and the development of burnout among multinational nurses in Saudi Arabia (SA). Background: Burnout among healthcare workers is a critical issue that has negative impacts on staff well-being, turnover rate, patients' care quality, and the overall organizations' performance. Moreover, Saudi Arabia's reliance on overseas nurses forms a unique working environment, where most nurses are working outside their home countries. The study was conducted at KFMC in Riyadh; a MOH affiliated tertiary care hospital with a 3000 multinational nursing workforce. Methods: A correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted over the period 1 August to 30 December 2016 to identify demographics, causes of job stress, burnout, job satisfaction, and nurses' intention-to-leave. Two hundred and twenty-four nurses completed the survey. Results: 313 responses were collected (RR: 10.5%); of the total responses, 224 met the inclusion criteria. Workplace stress and nurses' intention-to-leave have a positive correlation with the development of burnout symptoms. While job satisfaction levels had a negative correlation with the development of burnout symptoms. Overall, nurses' demographics had no significant effect on the development of burnout. Conclusion: Multinational nurses in Saudi Arabia suffer from work-related stress and burnout that can translate into high turnover, which in turn can be detrimental to the health organizations in the country. Implications for Nursing Management: Vigilant strategies and interventions are required to improve the nurses working environment.