Background:Health promotion and security of manpower in a society is one of the pillars to progress a society. Anxiety, is the most common psychological disorder in societies and occupations like nursing, anesthesia technicians and operation room technicians. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of anxiety, and its severity in Iranian nurses working in operation room. Also, we determined the most important associated factors with anxiety.Methods:In this cross sectional study, 152 nurses working in operating room participated. The tool to gather the data was a questionnaire, that included three parts; demographic information, obvious anxiety questions and hidden anxiety questions of Spielburger. Obtained data was analysed with SPSS 16 software.Results:The majority of participants were females (94.7%) with experience at work less than 10 years (84.9%). The average scores of participants in obvious and hidden anxiety were 41.9±39.4 (range 20 to 75) and 39.4±8.2 (range 20 to 70), respectively. Anxiety level was significantly higher in females than males (P=0.04). The most prevalent cause of anxiety, was contact with infected biological factors (23% of nurses). The less important cause was concern about retirement (42.8% of nurses).Conclusion:Our results suggest that, anxiety disorders is prevalent in Iranian nurses working in public city hospitals, which warrants immediate programs for intervention to improve working situations in work place.

Background: Presbyopia is a natural part of the aging process of the eye in which the loss of flexibility of the crystalline lens takes place over a number of years. This study aimed to determine differences in age of onset and progression of presbyopia between smoking and non smoking patients in Qazvin-Iran. Material and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in Boali Hospital in Qazvin-Iran between 2011 and 2012. Within the context of this survey, 304 eligible participants over 30 years age were randomly selected for interview and underwent nearvision testing. Of these, 152 participants were smokers and formed the case group and 152 non-smoking people were considered control participants. Functional presbyopia was defined as requiring at least +0.75 diopter in order to read the N8 optotype at a distance of 35 cm in the participant's usual visual state. Optometric and ophthalmologic examinations were performed on all participants. presbyopic correction coverage were calculated and the results were analyzed using SPSS Program with P<0.05. Resuts: A total of 304 participants' records were evaluated. Of those, 152 cigarette smokers were categorized as samples and 152 normal patients as control group. Eighty-five patients with ages between 39-40 year among smoking group needed to use glasses for near tasks, but nobody in normal group needed presbyopic glasses. There were significant differences in the age of onset and or progression of presbyopia were detected between smoking and normal patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our study is the first population-based investigation of presbyopia in Iran, with the aim of determining age of onset and progression of presbyopia among smoking people related to normal population. The results of this study indicate that the onset of presbyopia among smoking group was earlier than normal group. Statistically significant difference in the age of onset and progression of presbyopia was found between smoking and non-smoking patients.

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Background: Sever shivering is the most common adverse effect of spinal anesthesia during and after operation that causes physiologic complication. One of the drugs that could decrease operative shivering is ketamine. Objective: The aim of this study is the effect of ketamine to reduce shivering, during spinal anesthesia. Methods: This prospective randomized, and double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 355 patients of candida different surgeries with spinal anesthesia in Bu-Ali and Velayat Hospitals in Qazvin (2017). Patients were randomly divided into experimental (n=175) and control (n=180) groups. For the experimental and control groups, ketamine (0.2 ml/kg) or an equal volume of distilled water were administered with intravenous infusion pumps immediately after initiating spinal anesthesia, respectively. Then degree of shivering checked by anesthesiologist with visual scale during surgery. Findings: The rate and intensity of shivering at ketamine group significantly decreased compared to the control group. Shivering during surgery was less than in men, urological surgery and age (20-40 years) in both groups. Conclusion: Adding ketamine to drug's pump in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia could be effective method to control shivering during operation.

Background: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in the treatment of mental illnesses and the importance of using an anesthesia method that causes the least hemodynamic changes in the patient, we decided to evaluate their effects in this case with both thiopental sodium and propofol.Aim: This study aimed to compare the hemodynamic effects of the drug, sodium thiopental and propofol common among the anesthetic agent may be, in patients treated with ECT is done. Materials and Methods:This study hospital 22 Bahman in Qazvin on 84 patients in two groups (42 patients in thiopental sodium group and 42 patients in propofol group) electroconvulsive brain under general anesthesia by propofol and thiopental has been carried out. Hemodynamic changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm mmHg) and pulse rate, number of minutes, duration of seizure and recovery time (min) size were recorded.Result: measuring blood pressure and pulse before and after anesthesia and ECT show that, in patients in thiopental sodium group changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic and pulse rate. Respectively 45% and 64% and 26% in the third minute of the study. In the propofol group, the highest systolic, diastolic blood pressure changes were 55% and 64% at the tenth minute, respectively, but the highest pulse rate increase was at the third minute and 33%, respectively. Test Friedman is also a significant relationship between consumption of these drugs, blood pressure showed that The duration of seizures during ECT sodium thiopental less than group B, but the duration of anesthesia with propofol shorter return is .The results were: Due to better hemodynamic stability of sodium thiopental, propofol, the drug is preferred to more.