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A new approach to using molecular models in teaching general chemistry concepts is presented. This has been designed for the first-time chemistry or nonmajor students and only applies to simple molecules and formulas. This approach can be used both as a laboratory experiment or classroom exercise. The purpose of using a molecular model is to provide students with a visual aid to conceptualize different basic topics in chemistry and become active learners. Students construct molecular models and use them to balance simple chemical equations, demonstrate the law of conservation of mass, and discover the relationship between mole and molecules and atoms.

91. Bits and pieces, 37. A brief note describing a microcomputer-controlled automated sampler .

Overall, General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry is a very useful text to support a twosemester undergraduate course series in chemistry for health sciences students. Its strengths are the use of the P.A.V.E. way to student learning applications. It is very obvious that the author has the background and the preparation of the student taking the course(s) in mind when she was writing the textbook.

Clean water is a crucial factor that contributes to the health of ecosystems and their inhabitants. Testing local surface water is an exciting way to engage freshman undergraduates in research which shows them the importance of protecting their communities and environment. Two affordable methods: a Colorimeter and Ion-Selective Probe were used to analyze nitrate, phosphate and ammonia levels in local surface water samples. The samples were collected from the Muskingum River which runs through Southeastern Ohio (Muskingum County) and were collected at 2 mile increments. We believe that this set of experiments would be beneficial if implemented into a college freshman level chemistry lab, thereby, promoting self-awareness of water safety, ecosystem safety and community involvement. In addition, the students will learn how our environment is effected by our actions when we neglect to properly monitor the type of pollutants we allow into our water ways.