This paper provides an alternative of improvised formula for determining qibla direction using vector algebra. The proposed method using vector algebra formula are given in details was compared with the existing method using spherical trigonometry. Then, result shows that the proposed method is accurate and easy to understand because does not require high mathematical knowledge.

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Performance of a car plate recognition system can be improved by using the combination of RBF Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization. In our proposal, PSO is used to optimize the parameters for RBF Neural Network. The results from this paper shows that the combination of these two methods provides better recognition rate with reduce time.