Childhood masturbations (CM) is stimulation of genital by pre-adolescent children with accompanying symptoms including sweating, tachycardia, blushing, muscle contraction and increase rate of breathing. We are presenting case series of three patient, who presented with history of vague symptoms and ultimately diagnosed and managed as case of CM. A 2 years old girl presented with history of to and fro movements. A 3 years old girl presented with history of rubbing of inner thighs and 3 years old boy presented with history of holding and rubbing genitalia with forward bending and symptoms of increase breathing, flushing and sweating. Video recording was available with two patients, which helped in making final diagnosis. Parents were counselled and patients referred for behavioural therapy. Conclusion: In young child CM should be considered in differential diagnosis whenever history is not fully suggestive of seizures.

Objective: To establish the effect of aggressive fluid resuscitation in reversing the pediatric septic shock at 1 hour in children younger than 5 years of age presenting in the emergency unit of the hospital. Methods:  This was a descriptive, case series study, done for six months, from December 2015 to May 2016, at Pediatric Department of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. Patients with age range of 1 month to 5 years, presenting in the emergency department with the diagnosis of septic shock having clinical features of tachycardia, tachypnea or hyperthermia along with hypotension and poor capillary refill time were included. All patients received aggressive fluid management. Clinical examination was repeated at the end of one hour for assessment of reversal of shock. Data was collected by self-made Performa. Results: Mean age of study participants was 22.4 ± 17.6 months. Majority of participants 42(57%) were male. Mean weight was 10.3±4.3 kilograms. Mean heart rate was 173.9±17.8 beats per minutes. 67.6% were treated with a third-generation cephalosporin. At the end of one hour of treatment 51 (68.9%) showed the reversal of shock. Conclusion: Majority of childrens who presented with septic shock showed the reversal of shock at one hour of management with weight-based fluid bolus therapy.

Background: Thyroid disorders are a commonly encountered problem in hilly areas of Pakistan. The objectives of the study were to determine the frequency and distribution of thyroid disorders among patients presenting with suggestive signs & symptoms of thyroid disorders in Hazara Division, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics & Neonatology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan from January, 2017 to January, 2018. Exclusion criteria was patients taking medicines such as Lithium and Cordarone. Sample size was 55 selected using consecutive sampling technique. Reference values were taken as follows; serum TSH=0.4-4.0 µIU/L, serum T3=100-200 ng/dL), serum T4=5-13.5 µgm/dL. Demographic variables were sex and age. Research variables were thyroid status (euthyroid/ hyperthyroid/ hypothyroid) and levels of thyroid function tests (TFT). Categorical variables such as sex and thyroid status were calculated by frequency and percentages whereas numeric variables such as age and TFT by Mean and SD. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of the total 55 patients, 11 patients were males and 44 patients were females. The minimum age was 20 years, maximum age was 90 years. Mean age was 43.24 years±15.118. Out of the total 55 patients, 14 (25.5%) were euthyroid, 30 patients (54.5%) were hyperthyroid and 11 (20%) patients were hypothyroid. Out of the 14 patients that were euthyroid, seven were males and seven were females. Out of the 30 hyperthyroid patients 26 were females and only 4 were males. All 11 hypothyroid were females. Conclusions: Hyperthyroidism is more common thyroid disorder in Hazara Division specially in adult females.