Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the viral diseases affecting millions of peoples across the globe specifically developing countries. There is no specific treatment available, however, vaccines are available for its prevention. Unfortunately, available vaccines are not effective against all clinical isolates and are also associated with neurological complications in some individuals. We have screened the selected phytoconstituents of Andrographis paniculata against various targets of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) using Schrodinger suite 2019-3. Among all selected phytoconstituents, andrographolide has shown a good binding affinity towards NS3 protease as compared to NS3 helicase and NS5 Rdrp (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) of JEV. The molecular dynamics (MD) results have also shown good stability of andrographolide in the active site of NS3 protease. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis has also indicated a good pharmacokinetic and safety profile of andrographolide. Finally, the in-vitro target-based assay have confirmed the inhibitory potential of andrographolide against the NS3 protease of JEV. In conclusion, andrographolide could have the potential to develop as an antiviral agent against JEV through inhibition of protease, however, further investigations are required.

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Every year, over 400 million MT of plastic are produced around the world, majority of which aren’t managed properly, leading to immeasurable damage to the environment. Only 14-18% as a global average of plastic waste is recycled with only few companies take part in the plastic recycling process. The main goal of the study was to analyse the energy demand and provide a feasible technical solution to conserve energy and reduce the plant's operating costs. A plastic waste recycling station, Amazia Vision Enterprise Private Limited, Satara, India, was purposively chosen to conduct an extensive evaluation of energy requirements. An energy analysis was performed on the process to determine the potential for energy savings and cost reductions. It also aims to reduce the amount of energy used at each stage of the process. Theoretical solutions to conserve energy, reduce waste generation, and thus lower operating costs have been proposed. According to the analysis and subsequent evaluation, the energy requirement can be reduced to 8% of the initial value. A technical solution for recycling of plastics has been proposed which can be implemented to test the feasibility interms of both technical and economical parameters. An energy conservation analysis of a plant has been presented in this paper which will provide a road-map to conserve ever increasing energy consumption and drive more investors in the plastic recycling sector for best plastic waste management practices.

: Ranitidine is a well known H2 blocker antihistaminic drug used for symptomatic relief of heartburn, indigestion, acid indigestion, peptic ulcer and hyperacidity. However, On 13th September 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has given an alerting statement regarding the presence of nitrosamine impurity called N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in ranitidine containing products. Recently, some pharmaceutical companies have also recalled their ranitidine containing products from the market. Thus, there is a need to understand about these impurities in ranitidine containing products. The first part of this article highlights the mechanism of action of ranitidine in established therapeutic indications along with its adverse drug reactions and contraindications. Further, the introduction of genotoxic impurities in pharmaceutical products along with its types and mechanism of toxicity of ranitidine containing genotoxic impurity have been discussed.