There is no doubt that the cell phone is a very useful today, cell phones are a major part of society. It eases communication with colleagues, friends and relatives. But every technology that provides such benefits comes with consequences. The effect of cell phones on youth and society is excessive. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to identify the knowledge regarding harmful effects on cell phone use among higher secondary school students. The study population consisted of 70 higher secondary school students of Saptagandaki Multiple College, Bharatpur10, Chitwan. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the college and faculty .Whereas, out of 145 students, 70 students were selected respectively by using simple random sampling technique from the lottery method. Data was analyzed by using SPSS and various tests frequency, mean, median, percentage and standard deviation and the findings were presented in tables. Chi-square test as inferential statistics was used to analyze the associations between the independent and dependent variables. The study findings revealed that out of the 70 respondents, 24 (34.3%) respondents were in the age of 17 years and 3 (4.3%) respondents were in age of 15 years. The mean age was 17.31 with standard deviation of 1.04. Similarly regarding the sex 45 (64.3%) were male and 25 (35.7%) were female. Respondents' have good level of knowledge regarding harmful effects of cell phone as it causes addiction on cell phone 90.0% but have average level of knowledge as it causes headache 78.6%, gradual loss of hearing 77.1%, eye strain 70.0%, dizziness 71.4%, skin allergy 71.45%, risk for breast cancer 75.7% and have poor level of knowledge as it causes dry eye 47.1%, warmness around ear 35.7%, decrease fertility rate 22.9%, tiredness if used after lights out. Out of 70 respondents, 53 (75.7%) of respondents answered risk for breast cancer is the harmful effects of cell phone if kept on chest region, and 20 (28.6%) answered chest injury. The level of knowledge regarding harmful effects on cell phone use is statistically not-significant with age (p=0.141), sex (p=0.943), faculty (p=0.632), grade (p=0.490) and previous experience (p=0.311).The study concluded that the some educational intervention need to lunch by institution in order to enhance the awareness among higher secondary school students.

Head and neck space infections are usually secondary to odontogenic infections due to translocation of oral microbes to fascial space via odontogenic route resulting in progression by enzymatic degradation of connective tissue. Various factors like microbiological, host, nutritional and socioeconomic factors are responsible for progression of fascial space infection that might take fatal course if not treated in time. The present case report describes a child with fascial space infection of oral and maxillofacial region who was treated by incision and drainage in department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of this hospital. Fascial space infections are one of the surgical emergencies and need to be addressed in early stage as it has rapid regional and systemic progression leading to fatal outcome. It is multifactorial and all need to be addressed. Incision and drainage with removal of cause with antimicrobial therapy is treatment modality of space infection. Inadequate drainage might lead to recurrence of infection and progression to distant secondary spaces.

Head and neck space infections are usually secondary to odontogenic infec­tions due to translocation of oral microbes to fascial space via odontogenic route resulting in progression by enzymatic degradation of connective tissue. Various factors like microbiological, host, nutritional and socioeconomic fac­tors are responsible for progression of fascial space infection that might take fatal course if not treated in time. The present case report describes a child with fascial space infection of oral and maxillofacial region who was treated by incision and drainage in department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of this hospital. Fascial space infections are one of the surgical emergencies and need to be addressed in early stage as it has rapid regional and systemic progression leading to fatal outcome. It is multifactorial and all need to be addressed. Incision and drainage with removal of cause with antimicrobial therapy is treatment modality of space infection. Inadequate drainage might lead to recurrence of infection and progression to distant secondary spaces.

Introduction: Dental wastes are discarded materials after dental treatment which includes sharp instruments, infectious waste and body fluid, human parts, toxic agents, chemical, plastics body fluid etc. which are hazardous to health if not managed and disposed in proper way. So, dentists should manage such waste properly. This study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of dental practitioners in and surrounding district of Chitwan. Methods: This study was descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 142 dental practitioners from June 2020 to August 2020 in Chitwan. This was a questionnaire-based study. Answers were coded with points and summarized and analyzed using descriptive statistics by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16. Results: Out of 142 study population 21% had excellent knowledge, 37% had positive attitude and 23% had good practice regarding dental waste management in and around Chitwan district of Nepal. Conclusions: Dental surgeons involving in this study has good academic knowledge of waste management, have positive attitude towards management of such waste and to upgrade knowledge, have good practice and think of better in conjunction with governing bodies.

In this paper, machining of AZ-91 magnesium alloy was performed in EDM using different tool electrode (Cu, CuW and graphite). To perform experiments, Taguchi L18 design of experiments was used to reduce experimental runs. EDM process parameters viz. polarity, current (Ip), pulse-on-time (Ton), pulse-off-time (Toff), and tool electrode material were considered in experimental design to measure the responses (MRR, Ra). Multi-input-single-output adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model was developed to predict responses, and predicted results were found in good agreement with the experimental results. Maximum MRR (0.089 g/min) was found at positive polarity, Ip-5 A, Ton-50 μs, Toff - 30 μs, and Cu tool, and minimum Ra (0.08 μm) was at parameters positive polarity, Ip-4 A, Ton-30 μs, Toff -20 μs, and Cu tool. Relative errors between experiential results and ANFIS predicted results were 1.17 % for MRR, and 2.20 % for Ra. Multi response optimization ANFIS-VIKOR method was successfully developed and gave compromise solution for MRR and Ra corresponding to minimum ANFIS-VIKOR index (Qi). A factor level analysis was performed to evaluate optimal factor combination for ANFIS-VIKOR index, and it shows that current (Ip) have a significant effect.