The Wall paintings in Bahariya oasis expose to various deterioration factors, especially the resulted deterioration from the geological nature of sandstones' supports; sandstone of Bahariya formation is considered the weakest sandstone type in Egypt because of its geological formation which contains a very big percentage of iron oxides. Sandstone samples were taken, analyzed and examined by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, the iron oxides are thecement material in sandstone which affect negatively on the wall paintings in the selected tombs (Badi –Ishtarand Bannantiu tombs),they caused a lot of deterioration phenomena to the wall painting layers like: layers loss,black spots, cracking through all the layers and sandstone support weakness that threatens the remaining wall paintings and the safety of the tombs. Iron oxides percentage in Badi – Ishtartomb is more than Bannantiu tomb and this is reflected on the wall paintings case in Badi – Eshtar. This research sheds the light on this phenomenon and its effect on the wall painting's deterioration.

Stone false doors are considered one of history writing resources, within them, a lot of topics belonged to ancient Egyptian religious rites can be described, some of them contains inscriptions depict sacrifice forms of Egyptian gods and goddess, and with the false door, dead's soul can entre and go out between the world of living and the dead, there are a lot of limestone objects stored at Atfiyah museum store -Ministry of Antiquities -Egypt which known for the archaeologists as (Ali El-Kholy museum store), these objects exposed to many deterioration factors that threaten them especially the false doors. The research aims to shed the light on one of limestone false doors (no. 1755), samples were taken to identify the components and deterioration phenomenon, examined and analyzed to set a tight plan of conservation processes, first, mechanical and chemical cleaning were done to remove dust and clay deposits, then the weak surface were consolidated to save the important inscriptions.

The colored stone coffin lids are exposed to many different deterioration factors, whether in the burial or exposure environment. In the burial environment, these colored coffin lids are subjected to the pressure of soil sediments, which leads to their being crushed into parts, especially since the case study is made of limestone. In the soil, caused by the presence of ground water, which leads to the crystallization of salts and the growth of microorganisms.  Also, false excavation of these colored stone coffins lids and their transfer from equilibrium in the burial environment to the exposure environment leads to exposing to other pressures and may lead to irreversible damage and loss of color, as the temperature difference in the exposure environment and burial environment will lead to fissures and cracks as well. Crystallization of salts in the case of high temperature, as well as the difference in relative humidity levels, will lead to the dissolution of the color-bonding material and the dissolution of the air pollution gases, which leads to the formation of acids that interact with the material of these stone coffins lids to form water-soluble compounds, which leads in the end to the loss and deterioration of them. The selected object of study is a colored stone coffin lid no. 1939, broken into several parts of limestone (about 13 parts), dated to the Late Period and saved in Atifyah museum store – Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities- Giza – Egypt, samples were taken from limestone, red and black pigments and examined by optical microscope, polarizing microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) also analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The restoration processes are summarized in cleaning, consolidation, assembling and loss- compensation for the selected colored stone coffin lid.

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Environmental changes have severe effect on the deterioration of archaeological buildings, desert environment distinguishes with the climatic changes daily and seasonally , which affect badly on the ancient building materials, air temperature variation, relative humidity and wind are the main factors that cause the materials degradation. This research aims to shed the light on desert environment's effect on ancient building materials at El - Bagawat tombs in El- Kharga oasis – Egypt, these tombs, return to early Coptic era, building materials samples were taken mainly mud bricks and mortars , examined and analyzed  by scanning electron microscope (SEM) , EDAX unit attached to SEM and polarizing microscope to study the desert's effect , environmental measures were mentioned also like air temperature degrees , relative humidity percentages and wind's direction and speed. El-Kharga oasis is characterized by climate changes throughout the year, these changes reflect on the degradation of building materials in El-Bagawat tombs like mud bricks and mortars.