Purpose Performance appraisal (PA) is one of the most indispensable human resource management practices as many critical decisions regarding employees’ performance are heavily based on the PA results as they are responsible for various attitude-related outcomes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between PA justice and affective commitment (AC) of employees in the Indian banking sector, and to examine the moderating effects of age and gender on this relationship. Design/methodology/approach A total of 298 employees from the banking sector were randomly selected to examine the relationship between PA justice and AC along with the moderating role of age and gender on this relationship through structural equation modelling using AMOS 21. Findings The findings of the study supported hypothesized relationships as PA justice significantly predicted the AC of bank employees in India. The moderating effects of age and gender on the relationship of PA justice and AC are found to be high for older employees and female employees, respectively. Research limitations/implications As the present study was cross-sectional, so any inferences regarding causality are limited. Theoretical and managerial implications have been discussed in the context of banking sector. Originality/value The paper contributes new insights to the existing literature by examining the moderating effects of age and gender on the relationship of PA justice and AC in the context of Indian banking sector.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term outcomes of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) stuffing into the optic disc pit for optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) compared with vitrectomy with ILM peeling alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve eyes of 12 patients who underwent vitrectomy for ODP-M and followed up more than 12 months were included. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of inverted ILM flap stuffing into ODP (group 1, n = 6) with ILM peeling alone (group 2, n = 6). RESULTS: At 12 months, both groups showed significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness. On comparison, significantly faster resolution of maculoschisis was found in group 1 compared with group 2 ( P = .012). CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with ILM peeling and PPV with inverted ILM stuffing are effective treatment modalities for ODP-M, with inverted ILM stuffing showing faster resolution of maculoschisis. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2018;49:e226–e232.]

Background: Currently, globalisation, economic uncertainty and fluctuating market demands prompt leaders all over the world to improve their operations and to enhance innovations in processes, products and services in a very reactive manner. Literature shows that the adoption of an integrated Lean Six Sigma tool can assist them to compete with the rest of the world in a manner where productivity, quality and operational costs reduction are crucial for economic success. Aim: This article investigates the integration of Lean and Six Sigma tools as a unified approach to continuous improvement and develops a Lean Six Sigma framework for selected automotive component manufacturing organisations in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Method: The quantitative methods of research were adopted. The target population (42) was organisations within the Durban Automotive Cluster of which five were used for the pilot work. An empirical study was conducted using a survey questionnaire in measurable format to gather practical information from the sample organisations on the status of their existing business improvement programmes and quality practices. Results: The results of the study demonstratedthat the organisations had a very low success rate of Lean and Six Sigma adoption as standalone systems, as they found it difficult to maintain the transition from theory to practice. Conclusion: Hence the adoption of an integrated Lean Six Sigma approach was absent and it can be concluded that the proposed Lean Six Sigma framework affords the KZN automotive sector a unique opportunity to integrate and operate with both tools of quality that complement its management style and industry demands.

This study examines how traditional societal beliefs affect organizational climate, and how the two, independently or jointly, shape managers' selfperceptions. It also investigates the impact of the levels of development on societal beliefs, organizational climate, and managers' self-perceptions. Results confirmed that the traditional societal beliefs affect organizational climate; but it is the organizational climate that has a deeper impact on managers' selfperceptions. The article highlights the importance of creating work-centric and caring organizations.