Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the adult brain impacting mood and cognition. Some psychiatric symptoms are produced by thyroid illnesses and there is a frequent association of thyroid dysfunction with mood disorders. It is now clear that without optimal thyroid function, mood disturbance, cognitive impairment and other phychiatric symptoms can emerge. The usefulness of adding thyroid hormones to antidepressive treatment in euthyroid patients to obtain a potentiation effect has been proved repeatedly. The most common strategy is potentiation with T 3 , but high doses of T 4 have been also used in patients with resistant depression. Brain imaging techniques evaluating cerebral metabolism, perfusion, and anatomy enabled encouraging insights into the thyroid-brain relationship. The most consistent finding in patients with hypothyroidism is global diffuse hypoperfusion more pronounced in posterior brain region or in parietal lobe. Functional MRI in patients with thyroid diseases of different length and severity could help to identify functional aberrations such as memory impairments or altered emotional processing, which has long been suggested from animal studies. Structural changes related to myelin, which have been observed in various animal models, can now be studied with quantitative T2 or quantitative magnetization transfer (MT) imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can reveal information on white matter integrity.

Background: Newborn screening programs signify early and presymptomatic detection of treatable disorders which authorize commencement of prompt medication to alleviate notable fatality. Newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been a successful public health initiative in preventive medicine over the last few decades. Previous pilot (1999-2006) and phase 1 (2006-2011) NBS program in Bangladesh reported an increased incidence compared to global data which urged to initiate a second phase NBS program for the detection of CH. Materials & Methods: Neonates’ blood was collected from the umbilical cord or by heel prick and drawn on the Guthrie filter paper card. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured from this filter paper by Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) or Dissociation Enhanced Lanthanide Fluorescence Immunoassay (DELFIA) method. Results: 123 out of 2,61,550 neonates have already been diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism from September 2018 to August 2020, which represents an incidence of 1:2126. Conclusion: Ongoing phase-2 project data is already showing some optimistic outcomes. Hence, a time-worthy sustainable policy should be implemented to mark this program as an effective one. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 25(1): 15-21, 2022

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<p>Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are special entity of neoplasms arising from nervous and endocrine systems and involving variety of organs. Over expression of somatostatin receptors is an unique characteristic of these tumours. This allows molecular imaging to play a significant role in evaluation of NETs using somatostatin analogues. ¹¹¹ In Pentetreotide scintigraphy has been playing a significant role as molecular imaging of choice to locate the primary tumor, evaluate extent of disease and plan for surgical management. Recently ⁶⁸Ga labelled peptides have emerged as promising PET tracers for scintigraphy of these tumours. Several recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of ⁶⁸Ga DOTA- Peptide PET-CT scan with a number of advantages over conventional somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.</p><p>Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 20(2): 136-142, July 2017</p>

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Its diagnosis and management are still challenging as both PSA levels and imaging have had their limitations. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is aprostate specific cell surface protein and has been emerging as a novel target for PET imaging of prostate cancer. 68Ga PSMA PET-CT imaging have been shown as a better imaging technology in primary prostate cancer and at the same time detecting lymph node and bone metastases even in low PSA levels. Moreover, its counterpart 177 Lu PSMA has a great prospectto be used for the treatment of castration resistantprostate cancer. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 22(1): 53-57, Jan 2019