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The hydropower station diversion tunnel is long. When the upstream water level is low, the minimum upsurge of the surge chamber is likely to be lower than its bottom, which may cause dangerous conditions such as liquid column separation. In order to solve the problem, an engineering measure that an unilateral surge chamber is set up near the main surge chamber was proposed in this paper. Its effect was analyzed. Based on establishment of mathematical model, the transition process of hydropower station water conveyance system was numerically simulated. The influence of different diameter, injection flow rate and position on minimum upsurge was researched. The results showed that increasing diameter and position of unilateral surge chamber has little effect on rising of minimum upsurge, but increasing injection flow rate of unilateral surge chamber has great effect on it. The study provides references for engineering design.