Machine transliteration has received significant research attention in recent years. In most cases, the source language has been English and the target language is an Asian language. This paper focuses on Hindi to English machine transliteration of Indian named entities such as proper nouns, place names and organization names using conditional random fields (CRF). Hindi is the national language of the India and spoken by more than 500 millions Indian. Hindi is the world"s fourth most commonly used language after Chinese, English and Spanish. This system takes Indian place name as an input in Hindi language using Devanagari script and transliterates it into English. The input to the system is provided in the form of syllabification in order to apply the n-gram techniques. As more than 50% named entities are formed as a combination of two and three syllabic units, the ngram approach with unigrams, bigrams and trigrams of Hindi are used to train the corpus. The system provides the satisfactory performance for trigrams as compared to unigrams and bigrams.

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Enterprise Architecture defines the overall form and function of systems across an enterprise involving the stakeholders and providing a framework, standards and guidelines for project-specific architectures. Project-specific Architecture defines the form and function of the systems in a project or program, within the context of the enterprise as a whole with broad scope and business alignments. Application-specific Architecture defines the form and function of the applications that will be developed to realize functionality of the system with narrow scope and technical alignments. Because of the magnitude and complexity of any enterprise integration project, a major engineering and operations planning effort must be accomplished prior to any actual integration work. As the needs and the requirements vary depending on their volume, the entire enterprise problem can be broken into chunks of manageable pieces. These pieces can be implemented and tested individually with high integration effort. Therefore it becomes essential to analyze the economic and technical feasibility of realizable enterprise solution. It is difficult to migrate from one technological and business aspect to other as the enterprise evolves.The existing process models in system engineering emphasize on life-cycle management and low-level activity coordination with milestone verification. Many organizations are developing enterprise architecture to provide a clear vision of how systems will support and enable their business. The paper proposes an approach for selection of suitable enterprise architecture depending on the measurement framework. The framework consists of unique combination of higher order goals, non-functional requirement support and inputs-outcomes pair evaluation. The earlier efforts in this regard were concerned about only custom scales indicating the availability of a parameter in a range.

An important aid in analysis & display of speech is sound spectrogram. It represents time-frequency-intensity display of short time spectrum. The quality of speech can be studied by visual inspection of spectrogram. This is one of the important applications of spectrogram in speech processing especially in speech enhancement. Another application of spectrogram is in isolating voiced and unvoiced regions. But to conclude from visual inspection the clarity of spectrogram is also important. Before plotting the spectrogram the time domain speech signal is converted to frequency domain. The transform domain used plays vital role in resolution of spectrogram. Generally Fast Fourier Transform is used to convert the time domain signal into frequency domain signal. This paper discusses the effect of using different transform for converting the time domain speech signal into frequency domain before plotting spectrogram. . It is observed that resolution of speech spectrogram is transform dependent.