There were significant differences in response and pharmacokinetic characteristics to the peginterferon α2a treatment among Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The aim of this study is to identify factors which could significantly impact the peginterferon α2a pharmacokinetic characteristics in CHB patients. There were 208 blood samples collected from 178 patients who were considered as CHB and had been treated with peginterferon α2a followed by blood concentration measurement and other laboratory tests. The covariates such as demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were retrieved from medical records. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling method was used to develop the population pharmacokinetic model with NONMEM software. A population pharmacokinetic model for peginterferon α2a has been successfully developed which shows that distribution volume (V) was associated with body mass index (BMI), and drug clearance (CL) had a positive correlation with creatinine clearance (CCR). The final population pharmacokinetic model supports the use of BMI and CCR-adjusted dosing in hepatitis B virus patients.

SummaryInterleukin (IL)-17-mediated immune response has been shown to play a critical role in inflammation-associated disease. However, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) in paediatric patients remains unknown. We investigated the frequency of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and evaluated the association between the Th17 and clinical characters in paediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The frequency of Th17 cells was detected by flow cytometry analyses from 65 paediatric patients with CHB and nine healthy controls. The degree of hepatic inflammation was graded using the histological activity index (HAI). Compared with healthy controls, the frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood was significantly higher in paediatric patients with CHB. The proportion of Th17 cells was higher in the patients with higher HAI score (G2-G3) compared to those subjects with lower HAI score (G0-G1), but the frequency of Th17 cells had no correlation with serum HBV DNA loads or alanine aminotransferase levels. Compared with the younger age group (age 1-6 years), Th17 cell frequency was higher in the older age group (age 7-18 years). Peripheral Th17 cell frequency is associated closely with inflammation activity of liver tissues in paediatric patients with CHB.

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Local binary pattern (LBP) has widely used in face recognition with extracting texture feature, for the high statistical histogram dimensions of LBP and unable to effectively express the edge and direction information of image, so a method which is called fusion with blocking CS-LBP and HOG features is proposed, and applied vehicle recognition. At first, the vehicle image is extracted texture feature with blocking CS-LBP operator, which is calculated the texture histogram for each sub-block, and then the HOG feature of the original image is extracted, as well as the HOG feature which is based on the CS-LBP, finally, the blocking CS-LBP feature is fused with these two different HOG features. The experiments are implemented on the vehicle image databases, the results show that the proposed method can be obtained a higher recognition with K neighbor classification.