In this study, TiO2-Bi2S3 composites with various morphologies were synthesized through hydrothermal vulcanization with sputtering deposited Bi2O3 sacrificial layer method on the TiO2 nanorod templates. The morphologies of decorated Bi2S3 nanostructures on the TiO2 nanorod templates are controlled by the duration of hydrothermal vulcanization treatment. The Bi2S3 crystals in lumpy filament, nanowire, and nanorod feature were decorated on the TiO2 nanorod template after 1, 3, and 5 h hydrothermal vulcanization, respectively. Comparatively, TiO2-Bi2S3 composites with Bi2S3 nanowires exhibit the best photocurrent density, the lowest interfacial resistance value and the highest photodegradation efficiency towards Rhodamine B solution. The possible Z-scheme photoinduced charge separation mechanism and suitable morphology of Bi2S3 nanowires might account for the high photoactivity of TiO2 nanorod-Bi2S3 nanowire composites.