Energy conservation and emission reduction is an important measure to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, promote economic restructuring and change the development mode. It is an unshirkable social responsibility of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to require the joint efforts of all citizens. Based on the current situation, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the technological innovation ability of China's energy conservation and emission reduction enterprises from both external and internal aspects, and puts forward some suggestions.