ABSTRACT. The novel Ruth by Elizabeth Gaskell is a novel which deconstructs the values of the Victorian society. In fact this novel devalues the values of this period by bucking the system of Victorian norms and values. This is manifested in the change of Ruth from a naïve to mature girl through her fall. In fact her fall makes her wise. When she dies she is given a funeral which is given to a virtuous woman. Her funeral is a slap on the face of the Victorian ideals of goodness and badness. This tells us that the values should be revised when such a person is not that much bad while she is considered bad. Gaskell devalues the values of Victorian society through her heroine's migration and her living under a false name to teach us a lesson as to how shaky the Victorian ideas are and should be checked again. In fact, this novel has contributed, though little, to the way a woman like Ruth should be viewed.

ABSTRACT. The present article is a study of character of Berenger in Ionesco's play the Rhinoceros. In fact he is a victim of collective unconscious. The collective unconscious is very significant in the psychology of Jung. It is generated and fashioned by us all. This indicates that it is in each of us like a massive container of the archetypes of the entire humanity. It is reachable by everyone. Berenger is different in the play from others. He does not act according to collective unconscious that many people share. When other characters act according to the norms of collective unconscious, Beregner does not, this makes him different from others and he stands and resists temptation. Others change to their animalistic form while he remains human. In fact, he is a victim of the collective unconscious which makes him suffer loneliness among crowd of people.

ABSTRACT. This article is going to revisit the poem of Robert Frost entitled Neither Out Nor In Deep". The poem is open to and invites multiple interpretations. One of the element of the poem is sea which comprises a major symbol of the poem.