Isthmus of Thyroid gland is constricted part which connects the Thyroid lobes in the median plane. The isthmus vary greatly & sometimes may be absent. 1 Agenesis of the thyroid isthmus can also be defined as the ABSTRACT Background: The knowledge of various morphological & developmental anomalies of thyroid gland will help the surgeons in better planning of safe & effective surgery. Considering these facts we studied the variations of thyroid gland. Methods: The material for the present study was collected from the department of forensic medicine, MMC & RI, Mysore, which includes 56 male and 33 female adult postmortem cadavers aged between 18 to 80 years. A dissection was carried out to expose thyroid glands & variations were observed in the morphology of thyroid gland. Results: 1) 9% of specimens had agenesis of isthmus. 2) 46% of specimens had pyramidal lobe. 3) 41% of specimens had levator glanduli thyroidae. 4) 2.24 % of specimens had accessory thyroid tissue. Conclusion: This study highlights the various morphological anomalies of the thyroid gland which forms cornerstone to safe & effective surgery.

Background: Oligohydramnios is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is a clinical condition characterized by Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) ≤5 cm by sonographic assessment. The aim of present study is to know the maternal and fetal outcome in oligohydramnios after 34 weeks of gestation compared with women who had normal volume of amniotic fluid.Methods: Study was done for the period of 21 months from November 2014-July 2016 at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Hospital and Research Centre Bellur. 50 antenatal cases with > 34 weeks of gestation with AFI ≤5 cm by ultrasonographic estimation were included as study group and 50 women with normal AFI were included as control group. Maternal and fetal outcome of the women with oligohydramnios were analyzed and compared with control group.Results: Results were analyzed statistically using parameters like mean, SD, Chi Sq test, P value. Amniotic fluid was clear in 32% in study and 78% in control group, thin meconium stained in 30% in study group and 14%in control group and was thick meconium stained in 38% in study group and 8% in control group (Chi square =22.31, p<0.0001). Induction of labour was done in 54% in study group and 20% in control group. Cesarean delivery was done in 58% in study group women and 28% in control group women. Regarding the birth weight of babies 62% were < 2.5 kg in study group and 18% in control group with p<0.001. 10% of babies in study group required NICU admission and perinatal mortality was 2%.Conclusions: Due to increased perinatal morbidity and mortality and increased rate of LSCS, timely decision during labour is important to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Objective: The present study was done to know and compare the incidence of congenital malformations in singleton and multiple births in our hospital & compare with other studies. Methods: A retrospective study done by collecting the data from parturition register from Jan 2008 to Dec 2011 (4yrs) from Cheluvamba Hospital attached to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute. Total number of the live births, still births, and abortions> 20 wks were collected. Details of multiple births such as maternal age, gestational age, sex & birth weight of the babies, U/S reports and congenital anomalies (CA) were noted. Results: The total number of singleton births were 48700 and number of babies who had congenital malformations were 235 (48.25/10,000 births).Total number of multiple births were 579 including 10 triplets and number of babies who had CA were 11 (189.98/10,000 births, P<0.0001). In the present study sex of the babies were noted in all multiple births and zygosity could not be recorded. Among 579 multiple births 404 were of the Same Sex (SS) and 165 were of Opposite Sex (OS) in twins and 6 were of the same sex and 4 were of opposite sex in triplets. According to Weinberg formula 50% of same sex (SS) twins are monozygotic and 50% are dizygotic twins. Among the 11 babies with CA, 4 monozygotic twins had anomalies related to twinning such as Acardia with TRAP sequence (3 twins), and Thoracophagus (1 twin).5 babies had CNS anomalies, 1 with cystic hygroma, 1 baby with multiple system affected. Conclusion: The incidence of birth defects is more in multiple births and especially in monozygotic twins. In the present days increase in twinning rate due to advanced maternal age, hereditary factors and use of ovulation inducing drugs, which results in premature and low birth wt babies associated with poor lung maturity. [Int J Res Med Sci 2013; 1(3.000): 216-221

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Morphometric study of lateral ventricles of brain is important for evaluating changes due to growth, ageing, intrinsic and extrinsic pathologies. The aims of this study were to examine the range in size of normal lateral ventricles of brain, and to compare the dimensions of with reference to gender and side by CT Scans. Materials and Methods: The study was done from Feb 2009 to July 2010. Materials for the study were collected from K.R.Hospital attached to M.M.C & R.I. Mysore. 200 normal CT scans of patients were collected (100 male and 100 females). Measurements were taken as follows, 1) at the level of interventricular foramen (IVF)-IVF to tip of frontal horn, 2) from IVF-from IVF to collateral trigone and Posterior horn from collateral trigone to tip of posterior horn,3) below the level of IVF-Transverse diameter and Height of inferior horn. Results: All the measurements except inferior horn were more in males compared to females and more on left side than right side. Measurements of inferior horn transverse diameter (TD) the right side were slightly (0.2 mm) more than left side in males and equal in females. Height (HT) of inferior horn was 0.3 mm more on right side in males and 0.1 mm in females. Conclusion: The study shows the normal range of measurements of different parts of lateral ventricles in male and female patients. Left ventricles are larger than right side in males compared to females.