Introduction: Skeletal maturity indicators are very important indicators when diagnosing and panning the treatment in growing population. Cervical Vertebrae Method (CVM) and Fishman’s Skeletal Maturity Indicators are two commonly used methods for the diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between cervical vertebral maturation (CVM)and Fishman’s hand-wrist skeletal maturity indicator and chronological age by including subjects within the range of circumpubertal growth spurt in Central India. Materials & Method: One Twenty Five contemporary hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs from population of Central India were randomly selected and analyzed. All subjects were within the circumpubertal period i.e. female subjects were between 10 and 15 years of age, and the male subjects were between 12 and 17 years of age. The hand-wrist bone analysis was evaluated using the method developed by Fishman whereas cervical vertebra bone analysis was evaluated using the method developed by Baccetti and co-workers. These two methods and chronological age were correlated using the Spearman rank correlation analysis. Result: CVM was significantly correlated with hand-wrist maturation (r=0.8868). However low correlation was found between the CVM and chronological age( r =0.7139) and little correlation was found between the HWM and chronological age ( r =0.6892). Conclusion: CVM is a valid indicator of skeletal growth during the circumpubertal growth period and has a high correlation with the HWM for the Central India population. However chronological age is not suitable to measure skeletal maturity as shown by the low correlations found between the chronological age and both CVM and HWM.

In orthodontics, bracket positioning is the utmost part of the treatment planning. Ideally if the clinician using MBT prescription then they should follow the MBT bracket positioning charts to achieve more aesthetic result. Deflection in a bracket positioning to MBT chart may alter the final result as well as may prolong the finishing and detailing stage. Although in some conditions alteration in a bracket positioning may reduce the treatment time as well as reduces chances of the relapse. Generally in a first look it seems that the particular bracket was misplaced but with the help of proper understanding of the basic biomechanics and well planned treatment strategy that the bracket position was justified as intentionally misplaced. This article discussing all those conditions in which the alteration in a bracket positioning can helps clinician to achieve a desired result comparatively in less time with more stability.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of stainless-steel brackets using three different light curing units MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using three LED curing units (3M ESPE Elipar, Ivoclar bluephase, and Woodpecker I LED light cure), 120 precoated metal brackets (Gemini series, 3M Unitek) were cured. The shear bond strength was recorded using a universal testing machine. RESULT: The shear strength of the bracket in different light-curing systems was examined with ANOVA test. The mean shear strength of group A, group B, and group C were 16.03 ± 14.30 MPA, 16.86 ± 11.89 MPA, and 20.51 ± 19.40, respectively. The result of the analysis shows that there is a major difference in shear bond strength of these three different light-curing systems with F value = 3.94 and P value 0.04 CONCLUSION: We used three LED light-curing units with different intensities and manufacturing companies. The result showed that woodpecker I LED light had significantly highest mean SBS than the other two (Elipar LED curing light and 3M ESPE, Ivoclar bluephase).

Distalization of whole arch required an appropriate force of application along with sound knowledge of biomechanics. After development of mini-implants it became quite easy because it doesn't need patient compliance which was a problem in olden days with conventional extraoral appliances. Introduction of extra-radicular mini-implant (IZC mini-implant) in orthodontics makes complete arch distalization single step procedure in comparison to intra-radicular mini-implants (conventional TADs) which we have to reposition due to root approximation. This article represents a modified approach of Elastomeric chain application in IZC mini-implant for whole arch distalization.

Review Article IntroductIonCOVID-19 has created a vast impact on general population and health-care sector, since it was declared as pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. [1] With emergence of second wave, there is increasing number of cases each day leading to scarcity of health-care resources affecting the outcome of the treatment. With all these consequences, COVID-19 has become India's fastest growing epidemic. [2] Among this crisis, there is increased incidence of mucormycosis, which is considered highly fatal. Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive opportunistic fungal infection caused by the ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the Mucorales order of the class of Zygomycetes. It was first described by Paultauf in 1889. [3] Mucormycosis, also referred to as Zygomycosis, is third most common invasive mycosis after candidiasis and aspergillosis in patients with compromised immunity, underlying debilitating systemic diseases, and hematological abnormalities. [4] The common Mucorales species involved are Rhizopus, Lichtheimia, and Mucor. Other species such as Rhizomucor, Saksenaea, Cunninghamella, and Apophysomyces are rare. Mucorales are ubiquitous, present mainly in bread molds, decaying foods, soil, and in putrefying organisms. The major route of infection is through inhalations of the airborne fungal spores, which can then spread to the paranasal sinuses (PNS), lungs, and extensive tissue involvement. [5] Six well recognized clinical forms of mucormycosis are the pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, rhinocerebral, central nervous system, and disseminated. Rhinocerebral form followed by pulmonary is the most common type of this invasive infection. [6] Mucormycosis, commonly regarded as black fungus, is one of the most tissue destructing and devastating complications in uncontrolled diabetics with high fatality rates ranging between 60 and 80%. It is well established that there is direct association between diabetes and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and thus diabetics are at higher risk of contracting the secondary opportunistic mucormycosis during COVID-19 infection. [7] However, it is offlate affecting individuals below 40 years without any comorbidities. Stress along with usage of corticosteroids could probably being the cause. Infection with mucormycosis is considered highly fatal due to its fulminating spread, disseminated infection, cavernous sinus thrombosis, carotid artery involvement, osteomyelitis, and death. [8] Emergence of "Black fungus" in this Covid-19 pandemic has created an situation of medical emergency. Black fungus, scientifically known as mucormycosis, is an rare opportunistic invasive fungal infection caused by Mucorales affecting uncontrolled diabetics, immunocompromised patients, patients with stem cell transplant, prolonged intensive care unit stay and in those with hematological abnormalities. Offlate, there has been upsurge of this potentially fatal infection in COVID patients and in post-COVID scenario due to the mutant strain and treatment protocol followed in COVID patients. Elev...