Current evidence does not support the use of invasive or noninvasive PAV or invasive PAV+ in critically ill adults. Amid low to moderate heterogeneity, we identified 3 promising areas for future research including assessing the role of noninvasive PAV as an initial support strategy in patients with acute respiratory failure, invasive PAV on sleep quality during invasive ventilation, and possibly invasive PAV+ for weaning.

A 42-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus type 2 treated with the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor canagliflozin underwent elective bariatric gastric bypass. The canagliflozin was held for 24 hours preoperatively. She physiologically decompensated on postoperative day 2. Ultimately, she was diagnosed with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis that required intensive care management. This diagnosis was challenging to make as the patient never became hyperglycemic. We use this case to discuss the pharmacology and potential risk of perioperative sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor administration and to advocate for revision of current guidelines regarding the perioperative management of these agents.

Evidence suggests a hormone peptide named adropin, is involved in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and obesity. However, its role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still unclear in humans. Therefore, we investigated whether adropin levels are altered in T2DM patients, and evaluated its association with diabetes- related parameters. Samples which collected from 180 subjects were divided into case group [n = 90] and control groups [n = 90]. The mean age was [43.17 ±11.13] years. Men (n=81) and femanl (n=99) were participated in case-control study. Serum adropin levels were determined by ELISA. The mean serum adropin level was significantly higher [P<0.01] in the control group compared to case group [6.9±1.3 vs. 5.8±1.2] respectively. The result shown there was a significant difference [P-value<0.001] between body mass index and adropin. adropin with high significant negative correlation [P-value<0.001] between adropin and body mass index, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance also a significant negative correlation was found between the adropin and low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein and no significant with cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein.