Since the present study showed that long exposure of the oocyte to sperm has no advantage over short exposure, we prefer shortening the oocyte-sperm incubation period for reducing the negative effect induced by nonphysiologically high concentrations of spermatozoa.
Relative ratio of Wnt3a to BMP4 doses is critical to their synergistic effect on differentiating mESC proliferation, which may work through PI-3K, p38, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways.
Discontinuous Percoll separation did increase the X:Y ratio significantly, but the enrichment of X-bearing spermatozoa is insufficient for clinical use in preconceptional sex selection.
In this study, we demonstrate that mouse embryos can hatch, although delayed, in obstructed healthy oviducts. Tubal pregnancy is not likely to happen in artificially obstructed healthy mouse fallopian tubes, since all the viable embryos were dormant at the hatched blastocyst stage.
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