Different types of methods in science and technology, such as statistical, cartographic, and satellite materials are being used to describe events and objects. The application of modern GIS technologies in collection and processing of data on regions, demographic processes and events is highly demanding in demographic studies. The main feature of GIS software is to integrate and analyze geographic spatial data, and create map. In this research, it was found that classification and creation of demographic data in regions using GIS software helped to regulate the demographic processes in the regions.

It is established that the Aral Sea problem, which is due to the negative impact of human activity over time, has led to environmental degradation in the Aral Sea region and changes in the soil cover. The extent of this ecological problem can be detected using geoinformation technologies and remote sensing methods. In this study, the maximum likelihood classification algorithm was applied in the presentation of Landsat images to detect changes in the soil cover based on multispectral satellite data obtained from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 for 2008 and 2018, respectively. The resulting land-use maps indicate a significant increase in saline land from 18% to 22% during the period under study. These land transformations pose a severe threat to the land resources of the area. Consequently, proper management of the land resources is required to preserve them and to ensure that they continue to play their part in the socio-economic development of the region.