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Acrylamide (ACR) is a known industrial toxic chemical that produce neurotoxicity characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of fish oil on ACR-induced neuronal damage in Wistar rats. ACR enhances the production of reactive oxygen species and potentially affects brain. ACR administered rats showed increased levels of lipid peroxidative product, protein carbonyl content, hydroxyl radical and hydroperoxide which were significantly modulated by the supplementation of fish oil. The activities of enzymic antioxidants and levels of reduced glutathione were markedly lowered in ACR-induced rats; fish oil treatment augmented these antioxidant levels in cortex. Free radicals generated during ACR administration reduced the activities of membrane adenosine triphosphatases and acetylcholine esterase. Fish oil enhanced the activities of these enzymes near normal level. Histological observation represented the protective role of fish oil in ACR-induced neuronal damage. Fish oil reduced the ACR-induced apoptosis through the modulation in expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)-associated X protein and Bcl2-associated death promoter. Further, fish oil increases the expression of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in ACR-induced rats. This study provides evidence for the neuroprotective effect of fish oil on ACR-induced neurotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis with modulation in the expression of Hsp27.

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