Shisha smoking was significantly associated with mucosal hypertrophy when compared with cigarette smoking and controls. Shishasmoke contains higher level of toxicants as compared to cigarette smoke, and it causes more oxidative damage of tissues.

Due to its great prevalence and harmful consequences on health, obesity appears to be a serious problem in today's society. Studies have connected obesity with lower blood calcifediol concentrations. Examining the blood vitamin D levels among overweight and non-obese adults as well as adolescents was the goal of the current study, as well as compare how they responded to the similar oral vitamin D3 treatment. The blood vitamin D levels of a small number of obese children and adults and some obese individuals were compared in a non-randomized clinical study. 1 pearl of vitamin D3 (50 000 Iu) was given to those with a blood vitamin D status of thirty milligrams per milliliter (74 occurrences) every week for six weeks. Two weeks after starting therapy, serum vitamin D levels were tested once again. At baseline, individuals with obesity had a frequency of low Vit D level of 42/44 (95.5%) compared to 31/46 (66.6%) of patients with non- obesity (p 0.002). The aforementioned percentages were reduced to 24/43 (55.8%) and 1/30 (3.3%), respectively, following therapy for these individuals (p 0.001). Our investigation showed that patients, especially those who were obese, frequently had vitamin D deficiencies. Moreover, the obese group shows a modest therapeutic response.