Traditional freshwater sources have been over-abstracted in the worldwide crisis of water scarcity. Effluents have extremely high amounts of Zn2+ and Pb2+, according to an investigation of wastewater samples taken from several industrial zones. However, these heavy metals are among the most harmful to both humans and wildlife that are currently known. Streptomyces sp. is utilized in this study as a biosorbent to biosorb Zn2+ and Pb2+ from single and binary aqueous solutions. Several factors, such as biomass concentration (0.25–4 g), metal solution concentration (5–50 mg L−1), solution pH (2–5), and contact time were standardized. Streptomyces sp. biomass was able to extract 93% Pb2+ and 91% Zn2+ from a single and 95% Pb2+ and 97% Zn2+ from a binary metal aqueous solution containing 25 mg L−1 and pH 4. The highest adsorption capacity in both single and binary sorption experiments was determined to be shared by Zn2+ and Pb2+. The biosorbent’s metal adsorption increased from 0.48 to 4.56 mg g−1 for Pb2+ and from 0.21 mg g−1 to 4.65 mg g−1 for Zn2+ when the metals were present singly, and from 0.44 to 4.18 mg g−1 for Pb2+ and from 0.41 mg g−1 to 5.67 mg g−1 for Zn2+ when the metals were present in binary form. The amount of metal ions was raised from 5 to 50 mg L−1. Correlation coefficient (R2) values indicate that the adsorption pattern for Zn2+ and Pb2+ followed Freundlich isotherm R2 > 0.9543 for single and 0.9582 for binary sorption system. In order to remove Zn2+ and Pb2+ from an aqueous solution, Streptomyces sp. is a potential and different source of adsorbents.

Objective A prospective randomised study was undertaken to compare the results of type 1 tympanoplasty with and without middle-ear packing with gelfoam. Method Eighty patients undergoing type 1 tympanoplasty were randomised into two groups according to packing in the middle ear: with gelfoam and without gelfoam. The data in terms of graft uptake rate, hearing gain and subjective improvement were analysed at one and three months. Results The graft uptake rate between both groups did not show a statistically significant difference. There was conductive hearing loss in the gelfoam group in the early post-operative period. Subjectively, patients were more comfortable with respect to heaviness and hearing gain than in the non-gelfoam group. Conclusion Gelfoam use in middle-ear packing is not an essential step and causes more discomfort in patients during the early post-operative period. It should be a surgeon's choice to use it when and where it is necessary.

Verrucous carcinoma is a low-grade malignancy and is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is a rare tumor of the sinonasal tract. The neoplasm occurs in older people usually in the seventh or eighth decade of life. Our cases were both of sinonasal origin and of younger age group.

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