El artículo aborda las experiencias vividas por los alumnos inmigrados durante los primeros momentos de su incorporación a los centros educativos de la sociedad de acogida. A partir del trabajo etnográfico realizado en seis institutos catalanes (49 entrevistas a alumnos inmigrados), los autores muestran las implicaciones de estas experiencias a dos niveles: en el terreno relacional y en el ámbito académico. Los extrañamientos iniciales ante un sistema educativo desconocido, la conformación de redes relacionales, el peso de las variables lingüísticas, o el papel jugado por los espacios educativos y relacionales de los centros son algunas de las cuestiones aquí tratadas. ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the experiences lived by immigrant pupils during the first moments of their incorporation into schools of the welcoming society. Based on the ethnographic work carried out in six Catalan secondary schools (49 interviews with immigrant pupils), authors show the implications of such experiences at two levels: in the relational field and in the academic sphere. Initial confusion of pupils in an education system different to that they were schooled in, the conformation of social networks, the linguistic variables, and Facultad de Educación. UNED Educación XX1. 15.2, 2012, pp. 137-158

The spatial, institutional and social configurations of school supply and demand are crucial aspects in understanding the various mechanisms of production and reproduction of socio-spatial inequalities in education. The same policy instruments may have different effects depending on the characteristics of local education markets and the dynamics of supply and demand in each of them. This article investigates how a policy designed to reduce school segregation in the city of Barcelona resulted in uneven effects in different catchment areas of the city, which are socially and educationally diverse. By comparing the effects of the same policy strategy in different territories, the article identifies four mechanisms that mediate and occasionally prevent the effectiveness of the policy instruments or their implementation procedures. Identifying these mechanisms is an important and necessary task when reviewing the existing policy design and adapting it to the particularities of local education markets.

The school closure produced by the Covid-19 pandemic turned the learning process into a distance education practice, mainly based on the intensive use of communication technologies. Based on the analysis of the results of an online survey answered in March 2020 by more than 35.000 families with children between the ages of 3 and 18, this article explores the consequences of the digital divide on the learning opportunities of students during confinement. The analysis highlights the interaction with other educational -different school responses- and social aspects -different possibilities of study support- to explain the different distance learning opportunities for students. The digital divide, in its various forms, the confinement conditions or the unequal family cultural capital generated unequal learning opportunities among students. The conclusions of the article point out the lessons learned from this experience to ensure equal educational opportunities in non-face-to-face educational contexts. El cierre escolar producido por la pandemia de Covid-19 convirtió el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en una práctica a distancia, fundamentada principalmente en el uso de intensivo tecnologías de comunicación. A partir del análisis de los resultados de una encuesta online realizada en marzo de 2020 a más de 35.000 familias con hijos e hijas entre los 3 y los 18 años, este artículo explora las consecuencias de la brecha digital en las oportunidades de aprendizaje de los estudiantes durante el confinamiento. El análisis subraya la interacción de la brecha digital con otros aspectos educativos -distinta respuesta escolar- y sociales -distintas posibilidades de apoyo familiar al estudio-. La brecha digital, en sus diversas acepciones, las condiciones de confinamiento y el desigual capital cultural familiar generaron oportunidades de aprendizaje desiguales entre el alumnado. Las conclusiones señalan las lecciones aprendidas de esta experiencia para garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades educativas en contextos de educación no presencial.

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