Purpose: This paper seeks to examine the mediating influence of entrepreneurial culture and orientations on the development of the entrepreneurial performance, spirit and endeavors of Small and Medium Enterprises owners/managers in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The paper also determines some of the problems besetting the SME owners/managers along their cultural values and entrepreneurial orientations. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper is a qualitative study and will use a descriptive correlation research design. The survey of this paper using questionnaire is to be conducted and administered to randomly selected samples of 40 SME owners/managers and 20 SME staff in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Practical Implications: The research findings of this paper will identify those cultural and entrepreneurial orientations' attributes and challenges that need to be aligned with the efforts of the Bahraini government to affirm entrepreneurship as the new era for Bahrain's economic growth. Originality/Value: This paper is among those few studies in the Kingdom of Bahrain that explore the impact or influence of cultural attributes and entrepreneurial orientations on the performance and challenges of SME owners/managers themselves and not based on macroeconomic data. It can provide a basic overview of the obstacles and/or challenges faced by Bahraini SME owners/managers and the support required from the government and other institutions in the society. Research Limitations: The study will be limited by the number of respondents doing entrepreneurial activities in selected small and medium enterprises. The perceptions of the randomly selected SME entrepreneurs will be treated with simple statistical tools. Therefore, care will be taken in generalizing from the sample.

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