In 150 normal subjects the distance (P) between the upper and lower limits of the articular surface of the patella, and the shortest distance (T) between this same lower limit and the tibial plateau, were measured in standard lateral views of the knee in about 30 degrees of flexion. The limits of confidence of the T/P ratio are shown in the Table. The 5% upper limit of normality of this ratio is 1.11 (one-sided). This method of determining the position of the patella is accurate and more simple than those previously described.

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The ideal flap design should attempt to minimize not only the stress in the skin, but the size of the incisions and the degree of undermining. The results of our analyses provide guidance to increase the general understanding of monopedicle flap mechanics and provide context for the clinician and insight into designing a better monopedicle flap for individual situations.