Purpose-There is scant research on depressive symptoms (DS), suicidal ideation (SI), and mental health care-seeking in Mozambique. Methods-Generalized estimating equations were used to assess factors associated with DS, SI, and mental health care-seeking among 3080 individuals interviewed in a representative household survey in Sofala and Manica provinces, Mozambique. Results-19% (CI 17-21%) of respondents reported DS in the past year and 17% (CI 15-18%) lifetime SI. Overall, only 10% (CI 8-11%) of respondents ever sought any care for mental illness, though 26% (CI 23-29%) of those reporting DS and/or SI sought care. 90% of those who sought care for DS received treatment; however, only 46% of those who sought care for SI received treatment. Factors associated with DS and SI include: female gender, divorced/separated, widowed, and > 55 years old. Respondents in the bottom wealth quintile reported lower DS, while Sheldon Halsted,