Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) can be easily obtained during knee surgery, which avoids the damage to patients for obtaining IPFP. Infrapatellar fat pad adipose-derived stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) are also called infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-MSCs) because the morphology of IPFP-ASCs is similar to that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). IPFP-ASCs are attracting more and more attention due to their characteristics suitable to regenerative medicine such as strong proliferation and differentiation, anti-inflammation, antiaging, secreting cytokines, multipotential capacity, and 3D culture. IPFP-ASCs can repair articular cartilage and relieve the pain caused by osteoarthritis, so most of IPFP-related review articles focus on osteoarthritis. This article reviews the anatomy and function of IPFP, as well as the discovery, amplification, multipotential capacity, and application of IPFP-ASCs in order to explain why IPFP-ASC is a superior stem cell source in regenerative medicine.
A series of novel N‐(substituted phenyl/benzyl)‐2‐methylthio‐4‐((pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)amino)pyrimidine‐5‐carboxamides were synthesized by multistep reactions. The structures of the target compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Their in vitro antifungal activities against two kinds of plant pathogenic fungi were evaluated by the mycelial growth rate method. The result showed that at the dosage of 100 μg/mL, several of these compounds exhibited moderate activity against Botrytis cinerea with inhibition rates of ~70%, and most compounds (e.g., 5a, 5c, 5e, 5f, and 5h) possessed excellent activity against Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum with more than 90% inhibition rate.
Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET) is a newly adopted transmission standard proposed byBeilcore in 1985. The main purposes of SONET are the midspan meets (transmission equipment provided by different vendor can be connected directly), management of the entire network in term of the embedded operation channel, and supporting the application interfaces.SONET Network Element (NE) is the basic equipment in SONET which consists of Terminal Multiplexer (TM), adddrop multiplexer, and digital crossconnect system etc. This paper presents a general guide to design the software architecture of the SONET NE. The object-oriented and layering concepts are heavily used as design rules, which in the future will provide a better approach for designing a product family of the SONET NEs, i.e., reuse the objects. Furthermore, maintenance, testing, and debugging of the software can be easily achieved.
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