Introduction: International students’ safety and security matters as they are migrants and foreigners belonging to a special minority group of people that need to be protected each and every time based on diplomatic ties on international endeavors. This study examines the effects of government actions in regards to safety and security perceptions of international students in Hubei Province, China during COVID-19 Pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross- sectional survey design was conducted in March 2020 involving 13 different universities in Hubei province of China. Data was collected through an online Microsoft questionnaire which was sent to selected universities that were purposively and conveniently sampled. Results: 300 questionnaires were received out of 392, representing a response rate of 76.5%. Majority of the respondents were in the age group of <30 years representing 92.3%, almost 96% were single. 79% were undergraduate students, and among these, 64% had stayed in China for over 2 years. It was also revealed that more than half (51.7%) were Christians and more than one third (37%) were muslims. There was a positive correlation between social distance measures and safety and security perceptions while no correlation was found between information dissemination and safety and security perception. Lastly, students were materially supported with their respective authorities and that the political will was good. Conclusion: The actions of the government especially through the social distance measures have proved to positively increase international students’ safety and security perceptions. Further, authorities tried to facilitate material and social support to the students. We recommend authorities to continue putting the safety and security of international students at their heart as demonstrated in China.

Background: Tobacco is one of the well-established industries in the world. Despite having some economic benefits, the industry has been for decades associated with environmental problems through deforestation, health related diseases that cause about 8 million mortality rates yearly, human rights violations and corruptions issues which are involved, World Health Organization formulated Framework Convention on Tobacco Control with the aim of controlling tobacco production and consumption, with countries from Africa being ones where its usage is increasing more. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to find out the current status of tobacco control policies and its effectiveness in Africa. Methods: This study was a systematic literature reviews that was conducted between the months of August and November 2020 through extracting data from the database of PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar and Research Gate. Only English articles were selected. Results: Out of 910 papers retrieved only 17 papers from African countries were selected on the quality thesis after meeting the inclusion criteria. The results of the study showed that three governance resources were identified of Regulatory 64.70 % N=14 which had Smoke free environment, Advertisement bans, and cessation programs, economics 24.41% N=6 which were taxation's measures and informative 5.886% N=1 which were mass media campaigns. Further, Western African countries especially South Africa reported many pronouncements on smoke free environments and taxation measures. Mass media campaigns proved to be more effective policy as compared to others. Conclusion: This study recommends that future research should be done on looking at the effectiveness of mixed policy instruments as compared to single application. Further, the researcher recommends the use of more informative policies in dealing with inelastic behaviors like those related to tobacco due to the addictive nature.

The switch turn-on schedule is given according to principle of Voltage Space Vector PWM, SVPWM modulation function and its discrete function are introduced, the switch drive logic function is derived too. Based on DSP TMS320F2812, a five-phase SVPWM drive out is realized, and the single-end and double-end drive output signal are measured, the signal spectrums are analyzed, the results has important reference value to the designs of inverter power and system of variable frequency and speed control.