IntroductionGlobal malnutrition continues to be a canker owing to poor eating habits and over-reliance on the major staple crops. Vegetable soybean (maodou) is gaining popularity globally as an affordable snack and vegetable.MethodsIn this study, we profiled the nutritional composition of 12 soybean cultivars at the vegetable (R6-R7) and mature (R8) stages. We also conducted an RNA-seq analysis during seed development, focusing on key biosynthesis enzymes for quality traits.ResultsThe results showed that 100 g of maodou contained 66.54% moisture, 13.49% protein, 7.81% fatty acids, 2.47% soluble sugar, abundant content of minerals, and micronutrients, including folate (462.27 μg FW) and carotenoids (3,935.41 μg FW). Also, the isoflavone content of maodou ranged between 129.26 and 2,359.35 μg/g FW. With regard to the recommended daily allowance, 100 g fresh weight of maodou can contribute 26.98, 115.57, and 11.60% of protein, folate, and zinc, respectively, and significant proportions of other nutrients including linoleic acid (21.16%), linolenic acid (42.96%), zinc (11.60%), and iron (18.01%). On a dry weight basis, maodou has two to six folds higher contents of folate, tocopherol, and carotenoid than the mature soybean. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that key biosynthesis enzymes of quality traits are differentially expressed during seed development and may contribute to variations in the content of quality traits at the vegetable and mature stages. Correlation analysis of quality traits at both stages revealed that protein only correlated positively with zinc at the vegetable stage but negatively correlated with total tocopherol and total fatty acid at the mature stage. Complex associations among folates, soluble sugar, and isoflavones were also identified.DiscussionThis study provides insight into the nutritional contents of vegetable soybean and demonstrates that maodou is essential for meeting the nutritional requirements of most countries.

Chinese traditional culture can be passed on from generation to generation, from the profound connotation and practical effect of culture itself, such as the thought and virtue of Chinese traditional culture, patriotic sentiments, moral ethics and so on. In the ideological and political education of higher vocational education, it is important to integrate into the fine traditional culture of China and to improve the students' ideological and moral quality. The article briefly summarizes the connotation of Chinese traditional culture, analyzes the significance of traditional culture integration into ideological and political teaching in higher vocational colleges, and then discusses the strategy of integrating traditional Chinese culture into ideological and political teaching in higher vocational colleges.

Tocopherol plays an important role as a powerful antioxidant in human beings and in plants. This study investigated the genetic basis of tocopherol content in soybean. A RIL population of 192 lines derived from 2 cultivars, ZH13 and ZH35, was evaluated for tocopherol content across 3 environments. QTL mapping identified 38 QTL for tocopherol, with stable QTL identified on Chromosomes 5 and 12. Ninety polymorphic genes were identified from these regions. Further SNP variation of a natural population identified 47 SNPs, with missense variants in 19 genes, including the heat shock transcription factor gene (GmHSFA8) and gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (GmVTE4), potentially related to tocopherol accumulation in soybean. Haplotype analysis revealed significant variations in these missense variants in the natural population. This study provides insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying tocopherol content in soybean, which is important for breeding high tocopherol soybean cultivars.

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