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Background Elective orthopaedic surgery has been severely curtailed because of coronavirus disease, 2019. There is scant scientific evidence to guide surgeons in assessing the protocols that must be implemented before resuming elective orthopaedic surgery safely after the second wave of the coronavirus disease, 2019. Methods A retrospective review of elective orthopaedic surgeries performed between May 15, 2020, and November 20, 2020, was conducted. A screening questionnaire was used, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 immunoglobulin G and IgM antibodies testing were assessed in all admitted patients. Screening and testing data for coronavirus disease was reviewed for all patients. Results Of 592 patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 during the study period, 21 (3.5%) tested positive. There were 2 patients (0.3%) with positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests, 3 (0.5%) with positive IgG and IgM antibodies, 13 (2.2%) with positive IgG antibodies, and 10 (1.7%) with positive IgM antibodies. Among these 21 patients, 20 (95.2%) were asymptomatic. Conclusions Our findings suggest that most elective orthopaedic surgery patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 are asymptomatic. In the second wave of coronavirus disease, 2019, universal testing of all patients should be strongly considered as an important measure to prevent clusters of in-hospital transmission of the disease.

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A case of Pemphigus vulgaris concurrent with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a 53‐yr‐old female is described, in which the diagnosis was based on oral scraping cytology. Two populations of abnormal cells were identified in the oral smear. One abnormal cell population was characterized by the presence of numerous single cells and sheets and smaller aggregates of loosely cohesive epithelial cells that appeared to have only a few points of intercellular attachment. A second population of abnormal cells showed characteristic signs of HSV infections such as ground‐glass nuclear appearance and multinucleation. Subsequently, diagnosis of HSV infections based on polymerase chain reaction was applied to identify the specific DNA for HSV type 1 in the Papanicolaou specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which the coexistence of Pemphigus vulgaris and HSV infection in the oral mucosa was established by cytologic diagnosis. This is discussed in view of our recent experience with this unusual oral lesion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;19:446–450. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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