Our aim was to examine the effects of gender, ear asymmetry, and age of infants on various parameters of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). Three hundred thirty-two infants (181 males, 151 females) were tested using the ILO292 Otodynamics Analyzer (Otodynamics Ltd, England) as a screening procedure. The subjects were divided into two age groups: group 1, newborn infants prior to hospital discharge (mean age of 4 days), and group 2, infants at the 1-month-old health checkup (mean age of 35 days). Responses to TEOAE stimuli were recorded at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 kHz. There were significant effects of gender and ear (lefr/right) on the signal-to-noise ratio, response level, and whole-wave and band reproducibility values in TEOAEs. The right ear had higher values of whole-wave reproducibility, response level, signal-tonoise ratio, and band reproducibility than the left ear. Females displayed higher whole-wave reproducibility, response level, band reproducibiliry, and signal-to-noise ratio values than males. There was no significant difference in response level, signal-to-noise ratio, and band reproducibiliry between rhe two age groups. The findings of the present investigation may contribute toward future improvements in neonatal hearing screening based on rhe community. SommaireNotre but etait d'examiner l'effet sur les emissions oro-acoustiques evoquees transitoires (EOAET) de l'age, de la lareralite et du sexe. Nous avons utilise le ILO292 Otodynamics Analyzer comme test de depistage sur 332 enfants (181 gargons et 151 demoiselles). Les enfants peuvent etre divises en deux groupes : ceux testes a la naissance, avant leur depart de l'hopital (age moyen de 4 jours) et dans le groupe 2, ceux testes lors de la visite d'un mois (age moyen de 35 jours). Nous avons teste les reponses a 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 et 4.0 kHz. Nous avons note un effet significatif du sexe et de la lateralire sur le ratio signal/bruit, le niveau de reponses, et les valeurs de reproductibilite autant pour l'onde complete que pour les frequences. L'oreille droite avait des valeurs plus elevees que la gauche pour la reproductibilite des ondes et des frequences, le niveau de reponse, le ratio signal/bruit. Les petites filles avaient une valeur plus haute que les gar^ons pour ces tnemes variables. On ne note par conrre pas de difference entre les deux groupes d'age. Ces constatations pourraient ameliorer le depisrage auditif neonatal de premiere ligne.

The findings suggest that type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with cupular and free-floating deposits in the semicircular canals. The patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with a longer duration of disease have an increased probability of suffering from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Conclusion: Blockage of the endolymphatic duct is a significant finding in Meniere's disease. The position of the utriculo-endolymphatic valve (UEV) and blockage of the ductus reuniens in the temporal bones were not found to be directly indicative of Meniere's disease. Objective: Comparison of blockage of the longitudinal flow of endolymph between ears affected by Meniere's disease and normal ears. Methods: We examined 21 temporal bones from 13 subjects who had Meniere's disease and 21 normal temporal bones from 12 controls. Results: The endolymphatic duct was blocked in five (23%) ears affected by Meniere's disease (p = 0.016). The utricular duct was blocked in 16 (76%) ears affected by Meniere's disease and 11 (52%) normal ears (p = 0.112). The saccular duct was blocked in 6 (28%) of ears affected by Meniere's disease and 16 (76%) normal ears (p = 0.001). The ductus reuniens was blocked in 10 (47%) ears affected by Meniere's disease and 10 (47%) normal ears (p = 1.000).

This paper describes an endoscopic transseptal approach to identify and access the frontal sinus and reviews the clinical cases. Between May 2004 and July 2010, endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) with transseptal approach was performed on sixteen patients. The indications for EMLP were complicated frontal sinusitis or cyst, revision surgery for failed frontal sinusotomy or Lynch procedure, or trauma cases. The first step of this procedure was to open a window in the bilateral anterior portion of the middle turbinates and nasal septum. The nasal septum, which could be observed through the window, should be the landmark of the midline during the surgery. A drill bur was raised up just behind the nasal bone along the midline of the nose. After the bilateral frontal sinuses and their posterior walls were confirmed, the interfrontal septum was removed superiorly. We reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent the EMLP with transseptal approach. We have managed sixteen patients in this fashion. Neither intracranial nor orbital complications were encountered during or after surgery.Endoscopic transseptal frontal sinus surgery is simple to perform, and does not cause severe complications.