According to rapid development of chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the Japan Lung Cancer Society has been updated its own guideline annually since 2010. In this latest version, all of the procedure was carried out in accordance with grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) system. It includes comprehensive literature search, systematic review, and determination of the recommendation by multidisciplinary expert panel which consisted of medical doctors, pharmacists, nurses, statisticians, and patients from patient advocacy group. Recently, we have had various types of chemotherapeutic drugs like kinase inhibitors or immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, the guideline proposes to categorize patients into three entities: (1) driver oncogene-positive, (2) PD-L1 ≥ 50%, and (3) others. Based on this subgroup, 31 clinical questions were described. We believe that this attempt enables clinicians to choose appropriate treatment easier. Here, we report an English version of the Japan Lung Cancer Society Guidelines 2018 for NSCLC, stages IV.

The local chain dynamics of poly(oxyethylene) (POE) labeled with anthryl group in the middle of the main chain was examined by the fluorescence depolarization method. The relaxation time of the local motion was evaluated and its molecular weight dependence was shown. POE had a mean relaxation time in the order of subnanoseconds. The value of the relaxation time increased with the molecular weight in the range of MW < 4000 and reached an asymptotic value at MW of about 4000. The relaxation time and the activation energy for local motion of POE were compared with those of some styrene and methacrylate polymers and the characteristics of POE chain were discussed. POE had a much higher local chain mobility than other polymers. This high local chain mobility of POE results from the molecular structure of POE chain.

Patients with NSCLC in East Asia, including Japan, frequently contain EGFR mutations. In 2018, we published the latest full clinical practice guidelines on the basis of those provided by the Japanese Lung Cancer Society Guidelines Committee. The purpose of this study was to update those recommendations, especially for the treatment of metastatic or recurrent EGFR -mutated NSCLC. We conducted a literature search of systematic reviews of randomized controlled and nonrandomized trials published between 2018 and 2019 that multiple physicians had reviewed independently. On the basis of those studies and the advice from the Japanese Society of Lung Cancer Expert Panel, we developed updated guidelines according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. We also evaluated the benefits of overall and progression-free survival, end points, toxicities, and patients’ reported outcomes. For patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR -activating mutations, the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs), especially osimertinib, had the best recommendation as to first-line treatment. We also recommended the combination of EGFR TKI with other agents (platinum-based chemotherapy or antiangiogenic agents); however, it can lead to toxicity. In the presence of EGFR uncommon mutations, except for an exon 20 insertion, we also recommended the EGFR TKI treatment. However, we could not provide recommendations for the treatment of EGFR mutations with immune checkpoint inhibitors, including monotherapy, and its combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, because of the limited evidence present in the literature. The 2020 Japanese Lung Cancer Society Guidelines can help community-based physicians to determine the most appropriate treatments and adequately provide medical care to their patients.

PrefaceThe genetical purpose of the mitosis is in the division of chromatid substances and genetic factors into two equal parts for the daughter cells . Therefore, the mitotic organella (so-called mitotic apparatus) should have a suitable clear-cut structure for the performance of this essential purpose , probably without any wider variations through the biological world.The present paper deals with the various morphological observations on mitotic apparatus made in our laboratory with the aids of electron and phase contrast microscopes and gives a systematic explanation of mitosis based on the new knowledges.In an opportunity to observe cellular organella, especially the Golgi body and centrioles under phase contrast microscope in our laboratory (Hanaoka 1954), it was affirmed that the classical Golgi net-work, the filaments con sisting of the Golgi externum, is also observable in living cells. At the same time, under the same condition, the centrioles were remarked in the central region of this Golgi sphere without exception. Therefore, work hypothesis was offered by us that the centrioles which locate to the centers of the spindle body, also produce the Golgi filaments during the interkinetic stage of the cells.The present electron microscopic observations particularly concerning to the centrioles, proved the reality of my presumption and, furthermore, gave an opportunity to make a revision of my precedent theoretical understanding for the fundamental structure of the spindle fiber (the extension-fiber theory in mitotic mechanism 1953), resulting a pretty modification in it.Here I would like to propose a new extension-fiber theory basing on our new morphological data. This new view point enables us to give a dif ferentiation between the animal and plant cells referring to the attitude of the nuclear division. Material and methodsThe materials and methods referring to this report were mostly described in our paper published previously dealing with each organella such as cen Cytologia 22, 1957 13

'The triangle odor bag method', which has been adopted for the offensive odor control law in Japan, and the dynamic olfactometry defined by EN 13725 have been compared. The odor concentration measured by the triangle odor bag method tends to be higher than that of the dynamic olfactometry in the forced choice mode, while well agreed in the Yes/No mode olfactometry when the panel is the same. The difference can be minimized by applying the panel selection criterion of EN13725 to the triangle odor bag method. The European panel selection test is useful to negate the difference in the measurement equipments although the criteria seem to be strict considering the individual threshold data of n-butanol.