The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of antibodies against Neospora caninum, obtained two years apart, among dairy cattle in a rural settlement in southern Brazil. Blood samples from 734 dairy cattle on 41 farms were collected at two different times: in 2012, 406 animals on 30 farms were used; and in 2014, 329 animals on 31 farms. Serum samples were obtained and were used to detect antibodies against N. caninum, by means of the indirect fluorescence assay (IFA). Animals with titers ≥ 100 were considered positive. The total serum prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 19.7% (145/736) among all the dairy cattle, comprising 23.1% (94/406) in 2012 and 15.5% (51/329) in 2014.Serum from 91 animals was tested in both trials: 11(12.1%) showed positivity in 2012 and 10 (11%) in 2014. The variables of age, sex and breed did not show any associations with seropositivity. Thus, we showed that the cattle in this settlement presented high levels of antibodies against N. caninum, and that IFA showed good efficacy for epidemiological studies. Key words: Neosporosis. Reproductive problems. Seropositive. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência de anticorpos contra Neospora caninum em bovinos de leite de um assentamento rural, região sul do Brasil. Participaram do estudo um total de 734 bovinos de leite, 406 animais de 30 propriedades coletados em 2012, e 329 animais de 31 propriedades em 2014. Amostras de soro foram analisadas por meio da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI), animais com títulos ≥100 foram considerados positivos. A soroprevalência total para anticorpos contra N. caninum foi 19,7% (145/736), 23,1 % (94/406) e 15,5% (51/329) em 2012 e 2014, respectivamente. Noventa e um animais tiveram amostras analisadas em ambos estudos, 11(12,1%) evidenciaram positividade em 2012 e 10 (11%) em 2014. Não houveram associações entre as variáveis estudadas (idade, sexo e raças) com a soropositividade para neosporose. Evidenciou-se com o presente estudo um alto nível de anticorpos contra N. caninum nos bovinos desse assentamento rural, bem como, a RIFI utilizada mostrou boa eficácia para estudos epidemiológicos. Palavras-chave: Neosporose. Problemas reprodutivos. Soropositivo.
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