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The superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) is present above the suprascapular notch. It joins the two superior corners of this notch and converts it into suprascapular foramen through which passes the suprascapular nerve , while the suprascapular artery and vein usually pass above the ligament. The anterior coracoscapular ligament (ACSL) runs in the suprascapular notch, below the superior transverse scapular ligament. Narrowed bony foramen by ossification of STSL and ACSL is one of the predisposing factor of suprascapular nerve entrapment as well as with an injury to the suprascapular nerve in arthroscopic procedures. Aim: The aim of present study was to know the prevalence of suprascapular foramen in Indian dry scapulae and provide a knowledge on the variations along the course of suprascapular nerve which is essential to understanding the source of entrapment syndrome. Methods and Results: The present study was carried out on 73 dried human scapulae irrespective of age and sex. Visual observation revealed that 3 scapulae (4.1%) had completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament and 2 scapulae (2.7 %) had partially ossified STSL. The incidence of ossified anterior coracoscapular ligament is 1.3 % (1 scapula) in our study. Conclusion: The knowledge of variations in the suprascapular region and ossification of STSL & ACSL is important for anatomists, orthopaedicians, radiologists and neurosurgeons to obtain a safe zone which would be useful to avoid iatrogenic nerve lesion and for better diagnosis and management of the nerve entrapment syndrome.

Lumbosacral region of the body not only protects the spinal cord and related structures but also transmit the body weight to lower extremity and maintains the body posture. Sacralization of the 5 th lumbar vertebrae, is a congenital vertebral anomaly of the lumbosacral region and may be unilateral or bilateral. Although, sacralization is not a serious anomaly, perhaps no more than an anatomical variant, the fusion of the lumbrosacral joint may cause low back pain, disc herniation, cervical ribs, Bertollotti's syndrome and difficulty during labor. To highlight the complication of sacralization and its related impact on the body, we report a case of complete fusion of 5 th lumbar vertebra with sacrum (sacralization). The relationship between incidence of sacralization with low back pain is debatable but still the present study may help anatomists, clinicians and surgeons to know the complications of sacralization and its impact on the body that in turn help in diagnostic and therapeutic management of illness around lumbosacral region. Future studies need to focus on identifying other parameters that are relevant to distinguishing lumbosacral variations and associated disorders.

Background: Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of orbital diseases especially neoplasms. USG and CT remained as primary imaging modalities for most of suspected orbital neoplasms. However, use of MRI is especially valuable for assessing its extent. Precise descriptions of lesion location, involved orbital compartments, spread to orbital apex, perineural and intracranial spread and also provide information beyond what can be seen by fundoscopy, thus facilitates appropriate treatment. Materials And Methods: The present study is a hospital based cross sectional study on 100 patients who were requested MRI for various signs and symptoms of orbital pathologies over 2 years' period. Out of 100 patients, Maximum patients we Results: re found amongst the age group of 41 to 50 years with frequency 27 (27 %) while least number of cases recorded in age group >70 years was 3 (3 %). There was equal distribution of various orbital pathologies among both males(50%) and females(50%).Maximum (77%) cases were unilateral and (23%) cases were bilateral. Maximum patients 52(52%) had secondary orbital involvement while 48(48%) had primary orbital involvement. Maximum 65(65%) patients had orbital pathologies conned to single compartment and 35(35%) patients had multispatial involvement both of which were predominantly unilateral. Amongst unicompartmental pathologies maximum patients had exclusively extraconal involvement. Nature wise maximum cases were infective / inammatory (52%) which were predominantly unilateral. Least cases were endocrine/ systemic and vascular in nature accounting (2%) each. MRI is an excellent imaging modality for comprehensive assessment Conclusion: of various orbital pathologies thereby, allowing the clinician regarding further management, prognosis & follow up

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