No abstract

Introduction:In 2017, Karnataka registered 10,609 deaths due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs). Among all injuries, head and especially brain injuries were responsible for significant mortality and morbidity. RTAs account for a significant proportion of brain injuries. Materials and Methods: Of 1035 cases of head injuries visiting the trauma center of a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India, 650 head injuries were attributable to RTAs during the period between August 1, 2017 to July 31, 2018. Retrospective data was obtained from patient records taken from the medical records. After obtaining ethical approval, the records were analyzed in terms of age group variables, sex, time, day, season, accident event, means of transport, the practice of protective devices usage such as a helmet for 2 wheeler RTA victims and safety belt for 4 wheeler RTA victims, insurance status, type of head injury: external or internal and diagnosis. Results: The incidence of RTAs was higher in males (77.3%), younger age group: 20 to 30 years (30.15%), drivers (48.31%), rainy season (40%), afternoon hours (38%) and weekdays (69.23%). Usage of protective devices was low (13.54%).

Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare benign clinical and histological entity. It presents as tumour-like periarticular deposits of calcium in hip, shoulder and elbow regions. Idiopathic tumoral calcinosis (TC) is different from the secondary calcium deposition associated with terminal renal diseases, hypervitaminosis D and milk alkali syndrome with disturbed calcium metabolism. There are no demonstrable abnormalities of calcium metabolism in Idiopathic TC. TC predominantly affects children and young adults and is rare in old age. When TC occurs in old patients, possibility of other differential diagnoses need to be considered and ruled out with the help of morphological examination of the tumorous swelling. Two cases of TC that occurred in 65 and 75 year old females respectively were initially diagnosed on the basis of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings of the swellings and later confirmed by histopathological examination of the excised tissue. Diagnostic biopsies were avoided in these patients. Cytological study can prove to be a rapid and reliable method of preoperative morphological diagnosis of tumoral calcinosis.