Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a widely accepted procedure for the treatment of large, fullthickness chondral defects involving various joints, but its use in developing countries is limited because of high cost and failure rates due to limited resources and support systems. Five patients (age <45 years) with focal cartilage defects received ACI at University of Malaya from 2006 to 2007 and followed up for 36 months. The average presubjective Knee Evaluation Forms (IKDC) improved from 38.44±6.29 to 25.6±8.04 postoperatively, the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) went from 25.6±8.04 to 13.96±1.63 and the American Knee Society Score (AKSS) improved from 80±14.33 to 92.96±5.82 post-operatively. Thus improvements were seen in the IKDC and AKSS score but not in the OKS. Magnetic resonance images showed the presence of cartilage tissue filling in the lateral and medial patellar facet and medial femoral condyle in three patients. Failures were seen in two patients, both with patellar defects and over the age of 36 years. Treatment with autologous chondrocyte implantation for focal cartilage defect in lateral and medial patellar facet and medial femoral condyle showed early improvement which was maintained at 3 yrs follow-up. ACI provided satisfactory outcome in focal cartilage defects involving the femoral condyle.

In worldwide 25% of population is suffering with Hypertension. As it is an instrumental disease, asymptomatic in nature, it was named as Silent killer. The causative factors of Essential hypertension were Genetic predisposition and environmental factors but these factors are triggered by stress hence it comes under stress related psycho-somatic disorder. In Hypertensive patients, Decrease in 5mm of Hg in SBP and DBP results in decrease in cardiovascular risk, stroke which decreases mortality rate worldwide. The management aspect of modern medical science remains symptomatic with troublesome side effects. The Joint National Committee (JNC 8) guideline advise higher blood pressure goals, less use of several types of antihypertensive medications and suggests lifestyle modification and relaxation are the best initial therapy. In Ayurveda, Shirodhara is one of the panchakarma therapy meant for relaxation and stress reducing procedure mentioned in Dharakalpaas a preventive and curative treatment for many stress related disorders. So, Present study is planned as “A Comparative clinical evaluation of Shirodhara with Sukhos̩n̩ajala, Tila tailam and Brahmitailamin the management of mild to moderate essential hypertension”was selected. This paper is going to describe about conclusion drawn from the study i.e. effect of three types of dhara on Objective parameters SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP.

Background: Bhagandara is one among Ashtamahagadas mentioned by Acharya Sushruta and is one of the most common ailments pertaining to ano rectal region. Management of Fistula -in-ano has become a challenge to Allopathy Surgeons because of its complications like post-operative pain, wound management, recurrence and incontinence. In Ayurveda, the effective treatment is Ksharasutra ligation. Snuhi Ksheera based Apamarga Ksharasutra is the standard one and is proved effective treatment in the management of Fistula-in-ano. But, burning sensation, pain, local irritation during the course of therapy and difficulty in manufacturing process has limited its use. To overcome these lacunas, present study has been carried out. Objectives: To evaluate the significance of Papaya Ksheera based Sphatika Ksharasutra by comparing with the efficacy of Snuhi Ksheera based Apamarga Ksharasutra in the management of Bhagandara. Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients were randomly allotted into two groups namely Group A with trail drug i.e. Papaya Ksheera based Sphatika Ksharasutra and Group B as Control group i.e. Snuhi Ksheera based Apamarga Ksharasutra with 20 patients in each group. Results: Assessment of Pain, Discharge, Pruritis ani, length of track was made. In Group A, overall result is 98.5% and Group B overall result is 91.5%. The test shows that the treatment is statistically not significant in Group B when compared to Group A. Conclusion: This study showed that the trial drug was as effective as the standard drug in the treatment of Bhagandara.