Long-term hemodialysis treatment is associated with a significant reduction in endogenous plasma and muscle L-carnitine levels and a significant increase in plasma acylcarnitines. The majority of the change in plasma L-carnitine concentrations occurs within the first few months of hemodialysis, while muscle levels continue to decline after 12 months of treatment.

Indo-Asian and Afro-Caribbean hemodialysis patients have survival comparable to Caucasians despite a higher burden of diabetes.

In this cohort of patients, South Asian ethnic background did not confer a survival disadvantage after renal transplantation.