In the surgical management of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma, LNU does not negatively affect long-term oncologic control and can be considered an alternative modality. Tumor stage and grade are, however, important prognostic factors in the incidence of metastases and cancer-specific mortality.

Various positron emission tomography (PET) probes have been developed to assess in vivo activities in humans of drug transporters, which aid in the prediction of pharmacokinetic properties of drugs and the impact of drugdrug interactions. We developed a new PET probe, sodium (3R, 5R)-3, 5-dihydroxy-7-((1S, 2S, 6S, 8S)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-((1-[ ]DPV (544 6 204 and 10.2 6 3.5 ml/min per gram liver, respectively) in humans were lower than the previously reported corresponding parameters in rats (1800 and 298 ml/min per gram liver, respectively) (Shingaki et al., 2013). Furthermore, rifampicin treatment significantly reduced CL uptake, liver and CL int, bile by 58% and 44%, respectively. These results suggest that PET imaging with [ 11 C]DPV is an effective tool for quantitatively characterizing the OATP1Bs and MRP2 functions in the human hepatobiliary transport system.

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