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With the development of wind resources under flat terrain, wind farms in extreme wind conditions are developed, and the size of the WT’s rigid-flexible coupling components increases. Therefore, accurately understanding the load characteristics and transmission mechanism of each component plays an important scientific role in improving the reliability of WT (WT) design and operation. Through the collation and analysis of the literature, this review summarizes the research results of large-scale WT load under source–grid coupling. According to the classification of sources, the variation characteristics of different loads are analyzed, and different research methods for different loads are summarized. In addition, the relative merits of the existing improvement schemes are analyzed, and the existing problems are pointed out. Finally, a new research idea of ‘comprehensively considering the coupling effects of source and network factors, revealing WT load characteristics and transmission mechanism’ is summarized. This paper provides important implications for the safety design and reliable operation research of large WTs with complex terrain.