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Abstract.A flexible thin actuator using gas-liquid phase-change of a low boiling point liquid that can generate large force was proposed and tested in the previous study. The tested actuator is an envelope-type actuator that is made of laminating plastic sheets, low boiling point liquid and a flexible heater. In this paper, the analytical model of the flexible thin actuator was proposed and tested. The system parameters of the actuator were also identified. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed analytical model can predict the behaviour of the tested actuator.

The effects of ionized impurity in a tunnel barrier on electron tunneling are studied by performing time-resolved photoluminescence experiments using GaAs/AlGaAs asymmetric multiquantum wells (AMQWs) with a δ-doping layer. The photoluminescence decay time of two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs/AlGaAs AMQWs was measured and the results are compared with those of semiclassical Monte Carlo simulation.