Abstracf--We have evaluated the effectiveness of project based distance learning (PBDL) as a means of expanding the number of businesspersons who take post-graduate courses, particularly in entrepreneurial studies. We established that for learning based on entrepreneurial projects, the two-way distribution of tqxt and still images via the I P network, and of audio-visual transmissions at 64kbps speeds via low-cost ISDN or ADSL lines, are practical for communications between users. Again, the audio-visual information made a major contribution to the mutual trust between businesspersons and university people, who had had little or no previous contact with each other, that i s necessary in carrying out such an entrepreneurial project. In entrepreneurial project based real-time distance learning, the hybrid video conference system proved effective as a low cost network environment for the stable distribution o f audio-visual information and documents. On the other hand, for non-real-time distance learning, there is an urgent need to develop an expert exchange system that will make it possible to exchange information with experts possessing advanced entrepreneurial information and to access a database formed from this advanced information.0-7803-6583-6/00/$10.00 0 2000 IEEE

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T h e purpose of this study is to propose a mathematical model which describes the walking behavior of a person and analyzes the characteristics of h u m a n behavior in the crowd. T h e fundamental assumption is that the human behavior is not a random process but a deterministic process with several basic mechanisms and each fundamental mechanism is c o m m o n and only the parameter is d i f e r e n t f r o m person to person. T h e proposed model is based o n the servomechanism which drives a person along the planned path from point to point. This model has been applied to simulate the walks of people in a crowd and the simulated results have a good coincidence with actual measurement. After all, this model has been applied to simulate individual movement of people entering abruptly narrow space and it is shown that the so-called grouping phen o m e n o n can be reproduced by this model.