Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) em cinco cultivares de feijão-caupi: BR 17 Gurguéia, BRS Guariba, BRS Mazagão, UFRR Grão Verde e Pretinho Precoce 1. Em 2007, foram conduzidos um experimento em casa de vegetação e outro em campo, em esquema fatorial com cinco cultivares de feijão-caupi e quatro fontes de nitrogênio: adubação com ureia (50 kg ha -1 de N), inoculação com a estirpe de Bradyrhizobium BR 3262 ou BR 3267 e um controle absoluto. Aos 35 dias após a emergência das plantas, foram avaliados número e massa de nódulos secos, massa de matéria seca e N total da parte aérea, eficiência nodular em casa de vegetação e rendimento de grãos na colheita em campo. Em casa de vegetação, foi observada alta nodulação e eficiência nodular para ambas as estirpes em todas as cultivares. Em campo, a nodulação e o N total foram menores para todas as cultivares, comparativamente à casa de vegetação, o que indica interferência de fatores edafoclimáticos na FBN. Ocorreu aumento no rendimento de grãos em todas as cultivares em decorrência da inoculação, especialmente com a estirpe BR 3262.Termos para indexação: Bradyrhizobium, Vigna unguiculata, fixação biológica de nitrogênio. Biological nitrogen fixation in cowpea cultivars recommended for Roraima state, BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in five cowpea cultivars: BR 17 Gurguéia, BRS Guariba, BRS Mazagão, UFRR Grão Verde and Pretinho Precoce 1. In 2007, one greenhouse and one field experiment were performed using a factorial design with five cowpea cultivars and four nitrogen sources: urea fertilization (50 kg ha -1 of N), inoculation with BR 3262 or BR 3267 Bradyrhizobium strains, and absolute control. Thirty-five days after plant emergency, the number and dry weight of nodules, the dry matter weight and the total N of the shoots, the nodule efficiency in greenhouse plants and the grain yield for the field experiment plants were evaluated. In the greenhouse, high nodulation and nodule efficiency were observed for both strains in all cultivars. In the field, the nodulation and total N were lower for all cultivars in comparison with the greenhouse experiment, which indicates the interference of edaphoclimatic factors in the BNF. An increase in grain yield was observed for all cultivars as a consequence of the inoculation, especially for the BR 3262 strain.
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