Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the enamel remineralization after treatment with three different remineralizing agents using surface microhardness assessment.Materials and Methods:This in vitro study involves 50 enamel samples divided into five groups of 10 samples each. The positive control group consisted of intact enamel and a negative control group consisted of demineralized enamel samples. All groups excluding the positive control group were subjected to demineralization following which three of these groups were remineralized using remineralizing agents (casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP] [GC tooth mousse], casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride [CPP-ACPF] [GC tooth mousse plus], sodium fluoride [phos-flur]). The groups treated with remineralizing agents were subjected to pH cycling over a period of 28 days. This was followed with assessment of surface microhardness (Micro Vickers Hardness tester, Matsuzawa Co., Ltd, Toshima, Japan).Statistical Analysis:One-way analysis of variance test and posthoc Tukey test were conducted for multiple group comparison.Results:There was an improved enamel remineralization in the group, remineralized using CPP-ACPF in comparison with the other groups.Conclusion:Casein phosphopeptide with fluoride is a promising material for remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions.

South Indian population presented Type IV ertucci's canal morphology as the most common in mandibular first and second pre-molars followed by Type V. CBCT scanning poses a greater advantage in assessing the complexity of root canal morphology and planning an appropriate endodontic treatment for the same.

Recent evidence on the perceptual performance of bilingual listeners suggests that a nonaudibility-based cost exists in processing a second language. That is, when compared to monolingual English speakers and early bilinguals, listeners who acquired English as a second language after puberty show reduced performance when listening to the second language in background noise, despite normal auditory thresholds. However, past studies have not controlled for the homogeneity of the bilingual participants used in auditory research; therefore, it is unknown whether the deficit observed in bilingual function is due to a lack of control for language-related variables. The ability of a homogeneous group of Spanish-English bilinguals and English monolingual listeners to perceive sentences in quiet and in noise at threshold levels was evaluated using the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT). Both groups performed similarly in quiet conditions. In the noise conditions, the bilingual group's performance was significantly poorer than the monolingual group's performance. However, both groups showed a binaural advantage of 7-8 dB when the signal and noise were separated by 90 degrees.Abbreviations: HINT = Hearing in Noise Test; L1 = first language; L2 = second language; RTS = reception threshold for sentences; SSI = Synthetic Sentence Identification SumarioLa evidencia reciente sobre el rendimiento perceptivo de sujetos bilingües sugiere que, en relación con el procesamiento de una segunda lengua, existe un costo no relacionado con la audibilidad. Esto es, cuando se les compara con hablantes monolingües del inglés y con bilingües de adquisición temprana, los sujetos que adquirieron el inglés como segunda lengua después de la pubertad, muestran una ejecución reducida cuando escuchan esta segunda lengua en medio de ruido de fondo incrementado, a pesar de tener umbrales auditivos normales. Sin embargo, los estudios anteriores no controlaron la homogeneidad de los participantes bilingües utilizados en investigación auditiva; por lo tanto, no se sabe si el déficit observado en la función bilingüe es debido a la falta de control de variables relacionadas con el lenguaje. Se evaluó la capacidad de un grupo homogéneo de sujetos bilingües en españolinglés y de sujetos monolingües en inglés para captar frases en silencio y en ruido, a niveles de umbral, con la prueba de Audición en Ruido (HINT). Ambos grupos rindieron en forma similar en condiciones de silencio. Pero en condiciones de ruido, el rendimiento del grupo bilingüe fue significativamente Reception Thresholds for Sentences in Bilingual (Spanish/English) and Monolingual (English) ListenersReception Thresholds for Sentences in Bilinguals/von Hapsburg et al peor que el rendimiento del grupo monolingüe. Sin embargo, ambos grupos mostraron una ventaja binaural de 7-8 dB cuando la señal y el ruido fueron separados por 90 grados.Palabras Clave: Bilingüe, percepción del lenguaje, umbral de recepción del lenguaje Abreviaturas: HINT = Prueba de Audición en Ruido; L1 = primera lengua; L2 = segunda l...

The aim of this paper was to analyze the literature published in the research related to herbal medicine as adjunct in periodontal therapies. An internet search using search engines-Google, Researchgate and PubMed was carried out. The keywords used for search were-periodontal therapy, adjunct, herbal, and periodontitis. Full text articles of the articles were collected from the year 2007-2017. The data available from the clinical trials the journal articles were analyzed and presented in both tabular and descriptive patterns. The herbs frequently tested used for treatment of periodontitis are Acacia catechu, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Allium sativum, Propolis, Mikania laevigata, Mikania glomerate, Droserapeltata, Helichrysumitalicum, Coptidis rhizome, Piper cubeba, Azadirachta indica, Syzygium Aromaticum and Tea tree oil. 8 Besides the above mentioned herbal remedies a number of other herbal based products are also undergoing

Introduction:With better health care facilities and nutritional levels the average life expectancy of Indian population has been on the rise over the years. Most of the geriatric population is under long-term medication.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of multiple xerostomia drugs.Materials and Methods:Unstimulated saliva was measured in 60 geriatric patients, and xerostomia questionnaire and quality-of-life scale were also administered.Results:There was a very highly significant reduction in the salivary flow rates of patients under multiple xerostomia-inducing drugs.Conclusion:The synergistic effect of the xerostomia inducing medication could be the possible factor responsible for reduced salivary flow in elderly individuals using such drugs