Objective: Phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins from methanolic extract of Cestrum nocturnum. In this research, we have identified and confirmed the structures of the constituents by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) from the methanolic extract of C. nocturnum leaves.Methods: Shade-dried leaves were powdered and extracted with methanol by cold extraction procedures and the crude extract obtained was used for GC-MS.Results: There were total five components prominently eluted from C. nocturnum extract, viz., ethyl citrate, phytol, 4-isobutylmorpholine, n-hexadecanoic acid, and α-amyrin. Conclusion:GC-MS studies helped to recognize the phytochemical constituents based on their retention time and verification of MS libraries. In future, C. nocturnum leaves may be subjected to different extraction procedures and number of elucidating phytoconstituents can be studied for their ethnopharmacological relevance citing the literature.

Cancer is a genetic disease caused due to mutations in the tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes involved in the cell cycle regulation. It may include mutations that may be inherited or acquired during one’s lifetime and affect single gene or multiple genes, chromosomes and their protein expression patterns, ultimately leading to a loss of control over the cell cycle and culminating in uncontrolled cell growth. With the tremendous increase in global cancer burden and early detection being the key to cure, it has become imperative that the genes be studied and new genetic and biochemical testing techniques be utilized. In this review, we have looked at various mutations involved in common cancer-causing genes, their role under normal physiological conditions, mechanisms of mutation and their occurrence in different types of cancers. Also, the review focuses on conventional and novel approaches for genetic and biochemical testing, the techniques used and their advantages and limitations.