The use of the phenylephrine 1.0%-ketorolac 0.3% injection combination added to the irrigating solution during cataract surgery in patients at risk for IFIS led to significantly better prevention of miosis, less pupil billowing, and a reduced incidence of iris prolapse. A new grading scale for intraoperative iris abnormalities might be used for future evaluation.

Citronellol, an oxygenated monoterpene, is found naturally in the essential oils of several aromatic plants and has been reported to exhibit growth inhibitory and pesticidal activities. However, its mechanism of action is largely unexplored. We investigated the effect of citronellol, which is lipophilic in nature on membrane integrity in terms of lipid peroxidation, conjugated dienes content, membrane permeability, cell death, and activity of the enzyme lipoxygenase in roots of hydroponically grown wheat. Citronellol (50 - 250 μM) caused a significant inhibition of root and shoot growth. Furthermore, exposure to citronellol enhanced the solute leakage, increased the malondialdehyde content and lipoxygenase activity, and decreased the conjugated diene content. This indicates that citronellol induces generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. This was confirmed by in situ histochemical studies indicating cell death and disruption of membrane integrity. We conclude from this study that citronellol inhibits the root growth by ROS-mediated membrane disruption.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a self-organized network that connects vehicle and RSUs. The RSUs can intern be connect to a background network so that many other network applications and services including internet access can be provide to the vehicle for obtaining different services by the user or driver. The considerable attention goes in this field due to the high demands of new innovations in the vehicular industry. The primary purpose of VANET is to improve public safety and save lives as well as to improve vehicular traffic flow. VANET has very dynamic topology large network size and constrained mobility, these characteristic led to the need for efficient routing and resource saving protocol. It is a new research area which tends lots of emphasis towards services provided through the network. In this paper, we give the review of various routing protocols by using some parameters: digital map, scenario, position verification, clustering, routing mechanism, forwarding strategy and control overhead.

A comparative study of the second harmonic generation in ZnO micro particles and nanorods has been experimentally studied by Kurtz technique using nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The results have been theoretically explained by taking into account the quadrupole moment as well as surface nonlinearity. It was observed that the nanorods yield polarized second harmonic signal while the second harmonic signal obtained from the micro particles was unpolarized.

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