Novel reassortant H7N9 viruses were associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in three patients. (Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China and others.).
Most persons with confirmed H7N9 virus infection had severe lower respiratory tract illness, were epidemiologically unrelated, and had a history of recent exposure to poultry. However, limited, nonsustained human-to-human H7N9 virus transmission could not be ruled out in four families.
Although rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries have attracted extensive interest due to their environmental friendliness and low cost, they still lack suitable cathodes with high rate capabilities, which are hampered by the intense charge repulsion of bivalent Zn . Here, a novel intercalation pseudocapacitance behavior and ultrafast kinetics of Zn into the unique tunnels of VO (B) nanofibers in aqueous electrolyte are demonstrated via in situ X-ray diffraction and various electrochemical measurements. Because VO (B) nanofibers possess unique tunnel transport pathways with big sizes (0.82 and 0.5 nm along the b- and c-axes) and little structural change on Zn intercalation, the limitation from solid-state diffusion in the vanadium dioxide electrode is eliminated. Thus, VO (B) nanofibers exhibit a high reversible capacity of 357 mAh g , excellent rate capability (171 mAh g at 300 C), and high energy and power densities as applied for zinc-ion storage.
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), a common contagious disease that usually affects children, is normally mild but can have life-threatening manifestations. It can be caused by enteroviruses, particularly Coxsackieviruses and human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) with highly variable clinical manifestations. In the spring of 2008, a large, unprecedented HFMD outbreak in Fuyang city of Anhui province in the central part of southeastern China resulted in a high aggregation of fatal cases. In this study, epidemiologic and clinical investigations, laboratory testing, and genetic analyses were performed to identify the causal pathogen of the outbreak. Of the 6,049 cases reported between 1 March and 9 May of 2008, 3023 (50%) were hospitalized, 353 (5.8%) were severe and 22 (0.36%) were fatal. HEV71 was confirmed as the etiological pathogen of the outbreak. Phylogenetic analyses of entire VP1 capsid protein sequence of 45 Fuyang HEV71 isolates showed that they belong to C4a cluster of the C4 subgenotype. In addition, genetic recombinations were found in the 3D region (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a major component of the viral replication complex of the genome) between the Fuyang HEV71 strain and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), resulting in a recombination virus. In conclusion, an emerging recombinant HEV71 was responsible for the HFMD outbreak in Fuyang City of China, 2008.
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